Academic English Vocabulary

Tool with sliding beads you push to solve math problems step by step.

A formal or poetic word for home or the place where you live. Often seen in literature or…

A philosophical view that truth and values are absolute and universal, not relative to perspective or culture.

A philosophy arguing that human life has no inherent meaning in an indifferent universe, but we should accept…

A type of school or training center where people learn specific skills or subjects. It is more specialized…

In philosophy, a property of something that is not essential to what it is; something that could be…

How close something is to the true or correct value. Accuracy means no errors.

The highest point or greatest achievement; the peak or ultimate example of something.

An old, well-known saying that gives practical advice or expresses a general truth; traditional wisdom passed down through…

additional material appended to a written work after its main text to supplement or clarify content

The people and processes that keep an organization running. The management and organization of a system or company.

The philosophical study of beauty, art, and how we experience and judge artistic works; the nature of aesthetic…

A total or complete amount made by adding together many different parts or pieces.

The belief that the existence of God cannot be known or proven; sitting between belief and disbelief.

Symbolic narrative representation

Repetition of the same starting consonant sound across nearby words for rhythmic effect.

Indirect reference suggesting without stating

Something that doesn't belong to its time period; something placed in the wrong time in history.

A moment in a story when a character suddenly understands something important that was hidden or unknown before.

A storytelling technique where something from the past is described or shown; essentially a flashback.

Examining something carefully by looking at its different parts to understand how it works or what it means.

Complete chaos and disorder because there is no government or authority to enforce rules and maintain order.

A letdown or disappointing ending that follows something exciting or important; the opposite of a satisfying climax.

A short, clever sentence that expresses a general truth or piece of wisdom; usually memorable and profound.

The elevation of someone or something to godlike or supreme status; the highest point or culmination of something.

A collection of equipment or a system used to perform a particular function or scientific investigation.

A smooth curved line, like part of a circle. It can describe a shape or the path something…

An old-fashioned word or way of speaking from the past, used sometimes in literature to create a certain…

A specific topic or subject that someone studies or knows well.

How things are organized or put in order. Or, a plan that people agree on.

Homework or work that a teacher gives students to do, either in class or at home.

Repetition of similar vowel sounds in nearby words to create rhythm in poetry or prose.

A country run by one person who has complete control and makes all the decisions without sharing power.

The philosophical study of values and what makes things valuable; inquiry into what is good and worth.

A statement that is so obviously true it doesn't need proof; a basic principle accepted as true in…

A song or poem that tells a story, often about adventure, love, or tragedy, usually with a repeated…

A type of graph with horizontal or vertical bars used to compare different groups or items.

A preference or leaning toward something, often unfair. A tendency to judge or support something before knowing the…

The different kinds of plants and animals that live together in one place.

The science that studies living things such as animals, plants, and cells, and how they work and interact

A large area of Earth with its own climate, plants, and animals that live together naturally. Examples include…

All the parts of Earth where life exists, including the air, water, soil, and living things. It is…

A detailed plan or design that shows exactly how something should be made or built. Also used for…

A close connection or link between people. Also, a type of investment where you lend money to a…

A big sudden success or important discovery that changes everything. When you finally solve a very difficult problem.

A complex system of rules, procedures, and officials that is often slow and difficult to navigate. Red tape…

A funny or ridiculous imitation of something serious; a work that makes fun of something by exaggerating it.

The land and buildings where students attend classes at a school or university.

An exaggerated picture or description of someone that emphasizes certain features to make them look funny or ridiculous.

A method of reasoning that applies ethical principles to specific situations, sometimes in overly clever or questionable ways.

Someone or something that causes something else to happen or change; a substance that speeds up a chemical…

The release of strong emotions like pity, fear, or sadness through experiencing a work of art or story;…

A follower of the Catholic faith, the world's largest Christian group.

The relationship where one thing directly causes or produces another thing to happen.

Absolute sureness; complete confidence that something is true without any doubt.

the study of how different materials interact and transform through reactions

Reversal of parallel structures

A society with developed government, culture, and ways of living together organized in a complex way.

A specific part of a contract or law that explains one rule. Or in grammar, a group of…

The most important or exciting moment in a story; the point where main conflict comes to a head.

the idea that people work together as a group and value group success over personal achievement

A school where adults study subjects after finishing high school.

When one country settles and controls another territory, using its resources and people.

The official beginning of something, especially a graduation ceremony or new program.

What something is made of and how those parts fit together. Or, a piece of music, art, or…

In chemistry, two or more elements joined together as one substance. Or in language, two words put together…

Your ability to focus on one thing without getting distracted. Or, when something is very thick/strong because lots…

A general idea or way of thinking about something that applies to many different things.

The way parts are arranged or organized together; how something is set up or designed.

Someone who follows the rules and does what society expects. A person who goes along with what's normal.

The feelings and images a word brings to mind beyond basic meaning. For example, 'home' suggests comfort and…

The awareness you have of yourself and the world around you; being awake and aware.

Something that follows as a result; the effect or outcome of something.

An ethical approach that judges actions based entirely on their results or consequences, regardless of intentions.

Repetition of consonant sounds in close words, often creating harmony or musical effect.

The official document and laws that control how a country's government works. Or, your physical and mental health…

The quality of being dependent on other conditions; something that could be but might not be.

A logical situation where two statements oppose each other so both cannot be true, or a statement that…

A logical technique that transforms "if A then B" into "if not-B then not-A" while preserving logical equivalence.

A complex or ingeniously designed machine or device, often with an unclear or roundabout way of working.

Something that was created with clever design and careful planning. A machine or tool made with ingenuity to…

A consequence that follows naturally and easily from something else; a natural result.

A relationship where two things tend to change together in a connected way.

A story or account describing how the universe or world came into being; the origin of the cosmos.

Something that lots of people become excited about for a short time, but then everyone stops caring about.…

The quality of being trustworthy and believable; the likelihood of being accepted as true.

A careful examination of something (like an essay, artwork, or performance) that discusses what is good and what…

Unfairly giving good jobs or benefits to your friends and people close to you, even if others are…

A challenging situation that tests someone's character or abilities; a container used in metalworking.

All the subjects, classes, and learning materials that students study in a school.

When someone performs or appears in public for the first time. Can be an actor's first movie, a…

A way of carefully analyzing texts to show how they contain contradictions, hidden meanings, and assumptions that work…

An official command or order from someone in power (like a king or president) that must be obeyed.…

The strange feeling that something happening now has happened to you before, even though you know it hasn't.

A system where the people have power. Either everyone votes directly on decisions, or they vote for representatives…

The basic, exact meaning of a word as found in a dictionary. It is the word's primary, factual…

An ethical theory that judges actions as right or wrong based on whether they follow moral rules and…

A sudden, unexpected solution to a difficult problem in a story, often arriving artificially and resolving tension unrealistically.

In Eastern philosophy, your rightful duty and the proper way to live according to cosmic law.

A philosophical method where opposing ideas are used to reach deeper understanding, or a process of change driven…

A conversation between two or more people; the words spoken back and forth between characters in a story…

A long, angry speech or piece of writing that criticizes someone or something harshly.

A strong, authoritative statement made by an expert or authority; a principle stated with certainty and weight.

The act of seeing or creating differences between things that appear similar.

The size or measurable parts of something. For example, the height, width, or length. Also used to mean…

A clear official instruction from someone in charge about what you must do.

The act of telling or showing something that was hidden or secret; making information public that was kept…

A detailed discussion or conversation about a topic, especially in academic or formal settings; also means the ways…

Unfair treatment of someone because of their race, gender, religion, or other personal characteristic. Or, the ability to…

The removal or loss of the right to vote, or deprivation of citizenship rights and political participation.

Information that is intentionally false and spread on purpose to trick or mislead people.

A big difference between two things. When things are very unequal or not the same in important ways.

A very long academic work written to earn a PhD or similar advanced degree.

A specific area of knowledge or work that someone knows a lot about or controls. Like the science…

Your official permanent home country according to law. This is where you are considered to legally live for…

A philosophical view that reality has two fundamental types of things: mind and physical matter.

A house, apartment, or any place where people live. A formal word for home.

Harshening through direct language

A group of plants, animals, and environment that work together in one area.

A serious official order from a leader or government that people must follow.

A very big, impressive building. Or, the whole system or structure of something, like a theory or organization…

Learning and teaching that happens in schools and other places where people study to gain knowledge and skills.

A sad poem or song that mourns or expresses grief, often for someone who has died.

A philosophical view that knowledge comes primarily from experience and observation, not from reason alone.

A speech or writing that praises someone highly; an expression of great admiration and respect.

The process of giving people the right to vote and participate in political decisions.

The science of using mathematics and physics to plan and build machines, buildings, and systems

A feeling of tiredness, lack of interest, and boredom with life; world-weary apathy and lack of enthusiasm.

Any separate thing or being. Can be a person, organization, object, or idea that exists on its own.

A long poem that tells the story of heroes and great deeds; a grand tale of adventure and…

A sudden moment of revelation or understanding; a sudden insight that changes perspective.

The study of knowledge itself; the philosophical study of what knowledge is and how we know things.

A letter, usually long and formal; a work written as if it were a letter to someone.

When everything is perfectly balanced and nothing is changing. Different forces or sides are equally strong and cancel…

The study of beliefs about the end of the world and the ultimate fate of humanity; religious teachings…

The most basic, essential nature of something; what makes it fundamentally what it is.

A large piece of land with a big house on it that belongs to one rich person. Or,…

The philosophical study of right and wrong, morality, and how people should behave; also means the principles of…

The shared values, beliefs, and moral character of a group, culture, or society.

A speech given to praise someone who has died, usually at their funeral.

Softening through indirect language

A detailed explanation or interpretation of a text's meaning, especially the analysis of biblical or philosophical writings.

The fact of being or existing; presence in the world; reality versus imagination.

A philosophy emphasizing human freedom, responsibility, and the need to create your own meaning in a world without…

A test done to find out if something works or is true.

A clear explanation or introduction; in stories, the beginning that sets up who, where, and what is happening.

When something hidden is revealed and made known to everyone; or when you are in contact with something…

An artistic movement that emphasized expressing inner feelings and emotions through distorted forms and vivid colors rather than…

An externship is when a student works at a real company to gain experience, similar to an internship…

Material like cotton or wool used to make clothes. Also means the basic structure or organization of something.

A number that you can multiply by another number to get a third number.

Teachers and professors who work at a school or university.

Something that becomes very popular for a short time, then goes away. Everyone likes it for a while,…

Treating some people better than others unfairly, usually because you like them more or they have a special…

Something you discover or learn from doing research or studying something carefully. The result or conclusion you find.

When someone is obsessed with something or cannot stop thinking about it, even when they should focus on…

A part of a story that goes back in time to show something that happened before.

A hint or clue in a story that suggests what will happen later.

The process of making or creating something new. Or, the way things are arranged or positioned together.

A group of letters and numbers that shows how something works or relates in math or chemistry.

The quality of being weak and easy to break or damage. Something that is fragile or somebody who…

A clever planned move or strategy where you might accept a small loss now to gain a bigger…

Whether a person is male, female, or another identity. Also a grammar term for classifying words in some…

Where something comes from or how it started.

A system where elderly people hold power and make decisions, as opposed to younger members of society.

A unified whole or pattern that is perceived as complete, more important than its individual parts; a meaningful…

A small machine or device that does something interesting. You might not remember its exact name, so you…

Direct spiritual knowledge or insight into truth, especially about the divine; mystical understanding beyond reasoning.

The way something is governed or controlled. The rules, structures, and methods used to run a government, organization,…

A mark that shows how well you did on a test.

To finish school and get a diploma.

The preparation work that must be done first before you can start the main project or task. The…

A suggested rule or recommendation about the best way to do something. It is advice, not a strict…

The place where an animal or plant naturally lives in nature.

A biography of a saint emphasizing their virtues and miracles; also used to mean an overly flattering biography…

A short Japanese poem with three lines (5-7-5 syllables) that captures a moment in nature or evokes emotion…

The dominance or leadership of one group or nation over others, maintained through power, culture, or economic influence.

The study and practice of how to interpret and understand texts, especially complex or ancient ones; the theory…

A ranking system where some people or things are more important or have more power than others. Like…

A histogram is a chart that uses bars to show how data is spread across different ranges or…

Past events and facts about what happened before today.

Work or assignments that teachers give students to do at home, usually in the evening.

Dangerous overconfidence or excessive pride; the kind of arrogance that leads to a person's downfall.

A Scandinavian feeling of coziness, warmth, and comfortable contentment, especially in intimate and social settings.

Extreme exaggeration for emphasis

An educated guess or idea that you test to see if it's true. Scientists make hypotheses and then…

A philosophical view that mind, ideas, or consciousness are the fundamental reality, not just physical matter.

Not knowing something; the lack of information or understanding about a subject.

When a powerful country controls other territories and spreads its power globally.

The process of making a plan actually happen or putting an idea into action. It's the doing part…

An artistic movement that focused on capturing the effect of light and color in a moment, using loose…

Beginning a story in the middle of the action instead of at the beginning; starting in the middle…

An official ceremony that marks the beginning of something important, especially when a leader takes office or a…

Something that makes you want to do something; a reward or motivation for action.

The moment when something starts or begins.

How often something happens or affects people. For example, the incidence of flu is higher in winter.

A natural desire or tendency to do something. Or, when something leans or tilts at an angle.

A sloping surface; something that goes uphill or downhill at an angle.

A list at the back of a book showing where to find topics. Or a number that measures…

the idea that personal independence, self-reliance, and individual success are primary values

All the basic systems and physical things a country or organization needs to work properly, like roads, electricity,…

Starting something new or the formal ceremony when someone joins a club, group, or organization for the first…

Something completely new that nobody has done before, or the act of creating something new. A fresh invention…

Information or data you give to a computer or system to process. Also can mean a person's advice,…

An organization or place where people study or do research in a particular subject area.

A large, important organization or system that plays a major role in how society works, like schools, hospitals,…

The time or distance between two events or points. For example, the space between one moment and the…

Looking inward at your own thoughts and feelings; examining your inner mental life.

Something brand new that someone created that did not exist before. A new discovery or creation that is…

When what actually happens is the opposite of what you expected, or when words mean something different from…

The strange feeling that something familiar and known is actually unfamiliar and strange, opposite of deja vu.

A point in time when something important happens or a decision must be made; a critical moment or…

The perfect moment or right time for action; the opportune moment when something will work.

The idea that actions have consequences; what you do comes back to you in this life or future…

A government system where rulers steal from the state and abuse power for personal enrichment rather than public…

Information and understanding that someone has learned or knows about something.

A sticker or piece of paper attached to something that tells you what it is, what it contains,…

A harsh, often funny attack or criticism in writing or speech; something that makes fun mockingly.

A formal speech or teaching session where a speaker presents information to an audience on a specific topic.

Laws and rules made by a government or parliament. The process of creating and passing new laws.

A class or teaching session where a teacher shows you how to do or understand something.

A funny five-line poem with a particular rhyme pattern and rhythm, usually with silly or unexpected twists.

Books, poems, stories, and plays that are written to be artistic and meaningful.

A figure of speech using understatement by negating the opposite, like saying 'not bad' for 'good'.

A way of thinking and reasoning that follows clear rules and makes sense. If you understand the logic…

Logical appeal and reasoning; in Greek philosophy, the rational principle underlying reality.

The main subject you study at university or college.

Products like powder, lipstick, or eye shadow that people put on their face to look better. Or, the…

Products like powder, lipstick, or eye shadow that people put on their face to look better. Or, the…

Funny mistake of using a word that sounds similar to the intended word but means something different.

A skilled movement or action, like turning a car in a tight space. Or a clever move you…

An extreme and excessive obsession or excitement about something. You cannot stop thinking about it. In psychology, it…

A public statement of beliefs, goals, and intentions; a declaration of what a group or person stands for.

A skilled movement or action that requires planning and practice. Often used for military tactics, vehicles, or strategic…

A sacred word or phrase repeated in meditation for spiritual focus and transformation.

The edge or border of something. It can mean the blank space around a page when writing, or…

A score or grade showing how well you did on a test or assignment.

A philosophical view that physical matter is the fundamental reality and all things can be explained physically.

The subject in school where you learn about numbers and calculations.

A short statement that expresses a general rule or principle; a guiding idea or advice about how things…

A way to do something. Can also mean the money or resources someone has available. The word is…

The parts and process that make a machine or system function.

a brief written communication used inside a company or institution to share information or announce decisions

A system where the most talented and able people get the best jobs and have the most power.…

Thinking about your own thinking; being aware of how you learn and understand things.

Direct comparison suggesting similarity

The study of the deepest questions about existence, reality, and the nature of being; fundamental philosophy.

The set of organized steps and rules used to do something, especially in research or academic work. How…

Substitution of associated concept

The surroundings, environment, or social setting in which someone or something exists; the atmosphere or context.

The generation that grew up with computers and entered the adult world around 2000.

The smallest amount allowed or needed. The lowest you can go.

A government office that handles one type of work (like health, education, or defense). Or, the job of…

Information that is wrong or false, but shared by mistake not intentionally.

Actions taken to make something less bad or harmful. Ways to reduce the damage or seriousness of a…

A way or manner of doing something; a type or form of something.

A cultural and artistic movement that broke with tradition and experimented with new forms of expression, celebrating innovation,…

A philosophical view that all reality is ultimately one thing or one type of substance, not many.

A long speech spoken by one person, either to others in a play or to an audience; a…

Personal beliefs about what is right and wrong; standards for good behavior.

Your reason for wanting to do something. The drive or willingness that makes you act.

Myth or mythological narrative; the deep stories and patterns that shape culture and consciousness.

The lowest or worst point of something; the bottom of failure or decline, opposite of zenith.

An artistic movement taking realism further by emphasizing scientific observation and often depicting harsh, brutal aspects of life;…

Something that must be or must happen; being unavoidable and required.

Someone or something that brings about another's downfall or destruction; a deserved punishment for wrongdoing.

Creation of new word or meaning

Unfairly helping family members get positions or advantages, even if they are not the best choice for the…

A philosophy claiming that nothing has objective meaning, value, or purpose; that morality and truth are illusions.

In Buddhism, the perfect state of peace achieved by overcoming desire and suffering; ultimate spiritual liberation.

Someone who deliberately does things differently from what society expects. A person who doesn't follow the crowd.

An idea or belief about something, especially one that might not be completely correct. Or a sudden desire…

A word that names something, such as a person's name, an animal, an object, or a feeling.

When you think about something or someone so much that you cannot stop, even if you try. It…

A praise poem that celebrates something or someone; a formal, often lengthy poem expressing admiration.

A system where a few powerful people control everything. It could be a small group of rich people,…

A Japanese dining style where the chef chooses what to serve you, based on freshest ingredients and chef's…

Sound imitation through word choice

When something starts or begins, particularly a disease, problem, or difficult period. The moment it all begins.

The philosophical study of what exists and what it means to exist; the study of being and existence.

A local law made by a city or town government. Similar to a statute but usually applies to…

The direction something faces or points. Or training you receive when you start a new job or school.…

How much something produces or makes. In computers, it's the information a machine gives you as a result.

The very beginning of something you plan to do or something that is happening. The first moment when…

Juxtaposition of contradictions

A special type of oxygen gas with three atoms instead of two. High up it protects us from…

A supposed cure-all or solution that supposedly solves all problems, often unrealistically promoted.

A speech or writing that praises someone or something very highly; a formal expression of praise.

A religious or philosophical belief that God is the same as nature and the universe; everything is divine…

A temple for all gods; or a collection of all gods in a religion; also used to mean…

A short story told to teach a moral or spiritual lesson; a simple narrative using everyday situations to…

A curved bracket ( ) placed around extra information that could be removed without changing the main meaning.

When two things or people are treated equally and have the same value, power, or pay. Equal standing…

A funny or mocking imitation of a serious work, song, or style that exaggerates its features to make…

A work of art made by mixing or combining pieces from different sources or styles together, often without…

Appeal to emotion; a quality that evokes pity, empathy, or emotional response.

A strong liking or love for something. A particular thing you really enjoy doing or having.

A sudden, shocking twist in a story where everything changes; a complete reversal of fortune for a character.

Attribution of human qualities

A philosophy that studies how things appear to consciousness and how we experience the world; it focuses on…

A round object in space that moves around the sun, like Earth or Mars.

The quality of seeming reasonable and believable; appearing probable or likely.

A secret plan to do something, or the story of a book or film.

A clever trick or plan to fool someone or gain advantage. Usually involves some deception or manipulation.

A philosophical view that reality comprises many different substances or types of things, not just one.

A government run by the richest people in society who use their wealth to control politics and policy.

Creative writing with lines and patterns that sound nice, often with rhyming words at the end.

Someone who writes poems and creative verses to express feelings and ideas beautifully.

A result where justice is served in a particularly fitting or satisfying way, often in an ironic or…

The art and craft of writing poems that use beautiful language and special sound patterns.

A strong argument or attack against someone's ideas; a harsh criticism written or spoken.

Someone who works in government or in politics. Politicians run the country and make decisions for society.

The activities and decisions of government and politicians. Politics involves elections, laws, parties, and power.

When harmful chemicals or waste get into the environment. Pollution from cars and factories makes air and water…

A cultural and philosophical movement that challenges the idea that there is one stable truth or meaning; emphasizes…

A practical approach that judges ideas based on whether they work in real situations rather than pure theory.

How exact and detailed something is. Precision means consistency and refinement.

A strong liking for something; something you prefer and tend to choose over other options.

Something that makes you more likely to get a disease or have a certain characteristic. Your body or…

Disliking someone or something before you really know them, usually based on their group or background rather than…

The very first time a movie, play, or show is shown to an audience. Usually an important event…

A statement used as a foundation in an argument that supposedly leads to a conclusion; the starting point…

When something takes up most of your attention and thinking. You are so absorbed in it that you…

Something required first; a necessary condition that must be met before something else.

The likelihood or chance that something will happen; a mathematical measure of likelihood.

A natural tendency or habit, usually something bad or negative. A strong tendency to do something (often something…

A teacher at a university who teaches students advanced subjects and often does research.

A storytelling technique where something that will happen later is mentioned or shown earlier in the story.

An introduction or opening to a play, book, or other work; often a separate section that comes before…

A natural tendency or habit you have. A strong likelihood that you will do or be something.

A statement that claims something is true or false, which can be evaluated as either true or false.

A Christian who follows a faith branch that broke away from the Catholic Church in the 1500s.

A short, memorable saying that teaches a lesson or truth, usually passed down through culture and used to…

The human soul, mind, or inner consciousness; the psychological center of a person.

The science that studies how people think, feel, and behave. Why humans do what they do and how…

A printed or online document like a book, magazine, or newspaper that is distributed to readers.

A game or problem that requires you to think carefully to solve it. Like a jigsaw puzzle or…

The subjective feeling of an experience; what it's like to see a color or taste something.

A line from the circle's center point outward to the edge.

A way of comparing two numbers or amounts. If you have 3 boys and 2 girls, the ratio…

A philosophical view that reason and logic are the main sources of knowledge, not just experience.

An artistic movement that aimed to show life as it really is, depicting ordinary people and actual social…

A system of government or rule, often used when talking about strict or controlling governments. Also means any…

A philosophical view that truth and values are not absolute but depend on perspective, culture, or circumstances.

Careful study to find out new information about something.

The place where you live. Can be a house, apartment, or any building you call home.

The ability to bounce back and get strong again after something bad happens. It's about not staying down…

Something secret or hidden that is suddenly made known; an important discovery or truth that was not obvious…

Money that a company earns from selling products or services. The total amount of money coming in, not…

A clever question or saying that tests whether you can figure out the answer. It's designed to trick…

An artistic and cultural movement that emphasized feeling, imagination, and nature over reason, celebrating passion and individual emotion.

A clever trick used to fool someone.

A long story about events happening over many years, often told within a family or community; a sprawling…

In Buddhism, the endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth driven by desire and suffering.

Wisdom and intelligence; the ability to think deeply and make good judgments.

Saying the opposite of what you mean in a way that mocks or criticizes someone; biting mockery disguised…

A type of writing or art that mocks people, ideas, or institutions to criticize them, often using exaggeration…

In Zen Buddhism, sudden awakening or enlightenment; sudden direct insight into reality's true nature.

A deep feeling of sad longing or yearning for something lost, absent, or impossible to have.

The feeling of happiness or satisfaction when someone else experiences misfortune or embarrassment.

A person who knows a lot about a subject from studying it carefully, or a smart student given…

Money given by organizations to help students pay for school or university.

The study of nature and how things work using tests and observation to discover facts.

The range or limits of what something covers. How much or how far something goes. The space or…

The flat surface or view you see when you cut through something to look at its interior structure.

A pie-shaped part of a circle formed by drawing two lines from the center to the edge.

A group of elected representatives who make laws for a country or region.

A person elected to represent their state or region in government.

The ability to feel and perceive things; being conscious and capable of experiencing sensations.

A consequence or aftereffect that follows from something; especially medical consequences of disease.

Explicit comparison with stated connector

The belief that we should doubt claims and carefully examine evidence before believing; questioning accepted ideas.

Something that leans or tilts to one side. Can also mean a biased way of looking at something.

A grammatical mistake or breach of proper speech and etiquette; something that breaks the rules of correct language…

A moment when a character in a play speaks their thoughts out loud when alone, revealing what they…

A philosophical view that only your own mind and experiences are certain to exist; everything else may be…

A formal poem with exactly fourteen lines; often about love, expressed in a specific pattern of rhyme and…

A clever but false argument designed to deceive through invalid reasoning or rhetorical tricks.

The theological study of how humans are saved or delivered from sin and spiritual corruption; the doctrine of…

Where something comes from or who provides it.

A type of animal or plant that can breed together and produce young.

A single example or small amount of something collected for study or to show what a type is…

Accidental sound transposition

The quality of being steady and not changing. When something is reliable and won't suddenly fall apart or…

A numerical fact or information collected and analyzed to show patterns or trends.

Your rank or position in society, job, or organization. Also means what condition something is in right now.

The existing conditions and circumstances; the current state of affairs without any changes.

An official written law passed by government that people must follow.

anything that triggers a reaction or causes something to happen or become more active

A calculated plan or trick to achieve a goal.

A plan or method to achieve a goal, especially in business, games, or competitions.

A way of analyzing culture, language, and meaning that focuses on hidden systems and relationships rather than on…

Someone who goes to school to learn.

Learning about something carefully and thoroughly.

Mental activity happening below your conscious awareness; thoughts you're not directly thinking about.

Any material or matter you can see or touch, like water, metal, or plastic. Also means the most…

Something or someone that replaces another thing or person. A replacement or alternative.

The hidden supporting structure that lies beneath the main part of something.

Being enough or adequate; having sufficient cause to produce an effect.

The right to vote in elections; the act of voting or expressing political choice through ballots.

A short version of something longer that includes only the most important ideas. You leave out unnecessary details.

The visible upper part of a structure or the main institutions that form a society.

An artistic and literary movement that explored the unconscious mind and dreams, creating bizarre, dreamlike imagery through unusual…

A detailed outline of what will be studied in a particular class or course.

A logical argument with two premises and a conclusion, where the conclusion should follow necessarily from the premises.

Part-whole substitution relationship

When two or more things work together and create something better than they could separately. The whole becomes…

A condition or literary device blending senses, like seeing colors when hearing sounds.

A striking or vivid scene or picture created by people arranged together; a theatrical presentation of a single…

The philosophical idea that people are born with a blank mind and learn everything through experience and education.

A clever plan or trick you use to win or succeed at something. A specific move in a…

In Chinese philosophy, the fundamental reality or ultimate principle that cannot be fully described.

A statement that is always true by definition or word meaning, like "bachelors are unmarried" or "it will…

A system where technical experts and specialists have the power to make decisions and create policies.

The belief that things move toward a predetermined end goal or purpose; or in history, the idea that…

A set of questions or tasks to check if you know something or how well something works.

A book written to teach a school subject like math, history, or science.

How something feels when you touch it, like smooth, rough, or soft. Also describes how something looks or…

A country run by religious leaders where religious rules and beliefs are the laws that everyone must follow.

An attempt to explain why evil and suffering exist if God is all-powerful and all-good; a defense of…

A story or account describing the origin of gods and their genealogies; how the gods came into being…

An explanation or idea about how something works, based on study or thinking.

A book or digital tool that helps you find words with similar meanings to avoid repetition in writing.

A detailed written work based on your own research for a university degree.

The path that something takes as it moves through the air or space. Or, the direction something is…

The movement or transportation of people or things from one location to another. The journey or delivery process.

A serious, detailed book or writing about a particular subject; a formal study or analysis.

An obvious truth that everyone already knows; something so clear that saying it adds nothing new or meaningful.

The basic foundation or support system that something depends on.

Deliberate downplaying of significance

When something is shown to the public for the first time, often in a formal or ceremonial way.…

An ethical theory that actions should be judged by whether they produce the most overall happiness for the…

The quality of being truthful and honest; accuracy and reliability of what is said.

The appearance or quality of being true or probable; seeming realistic even if not actually true.

A short, focused scene in a book or film that stands alone and captures a particular mood or…

An ethical approach centered on cultivating good character traits like courage and honesty.

All the words that a person knows and uses, or a collection of words related to a topic.

The quality of changing quickly and in unpredictable ways. When something is unstable and unpredictable, going up and…

A Japanese artistic and philosophical view that finds beauty in imperfection, incompleteness, and the natural aging of things.

A turning point or critical moment that marks a major change; also a geographical ridge dividing water drainage…

A comprehensive worldview or philosophy of life that shapes how someone understands and evaluates everything.

A feeling of sadness and pessimism about the world, life's suffering, and the inadequacy of reality.

In Chinese philosophy, the masculine, active, bright force that balances yin.

In Chinese philosophy, the feminine, dark, passive force that balances yang.

The general feeling, mood, or spirit of a particular time period; the characteristics and values of an era.

The highest or most successful point of something; the peak of achievement or development.

Single word with multiple applications

To leave something or someone behind, often permanently. To stop trying to do something or stop having something.

To follow and accept a rule or law without complaint. You respect it and do what it says,…

To make something shorter by cutting out unnecessary parts, especially a book, article, or speech.

To make something stand out more or seem more important and obvious.

To learn and adopt the customs, values, and behaviors of a new culture. It's similar to assimilate but…

To admit that something is true or real. To recognize or agree that something exists or is important.…

To change or adjust something so it works well in a new situation. Like how animals change to…

To stick to something, literally or figuratively. In formal contexts, it means to follow a principle, agreement, or…

To make an official decision as a judge or authority figure; to decide who is right and who…

To change something a little bit to make it work better or fit a situation. You can adjust…

To tell someone seriously that they did something wrong and need to stop or change their behavior.

To divide something up and give it to different people or use it for different purposes in a…

To join several different things or organizations together to form a single larger whole; to blend different parts…

To change or fix something written, usually in a small way. Often used for laws, contracts, or official…

To study something in detail by looking at each part separately to understand it.

To make someone less angry or unhappy by giving them what they want or by calming them down.

To act as a peacemaker or judge between two sides who are fighting; to hear what both sides…

When someone accused of a crime appears in court and is told the charges against them, they must…

To find out something for sure by investigating or asking questions. Make sure you have the correct facts.

To gather people together, or to put separate pieces together to make something complete. Like putting together furniture…

To give someone a job or task to do, or to give something to someone for them to…

To absorb something (like ideas or information) and make it part of yourself or a larger group. Immigrants…

To connect or stick something to something else. Can be physical (like attaching a file) or emotional (like…

To make something weaker, less severe, or less important. When something is reduced in strength or impact.

To say yes officially. A person in authority gives you permission to do something.

To say yes officially. A person in authority gives you permission to do something.

To officially say something is not allowed. Authority stops an action or activity.

To officially send someone away from a place as punishment. A government or authority orders them to go…

To exchange one thing for another without using money. You give something and receive something else in return.

To confuse someone so much they can't think clearly. Often used when someone is tired, drunk, or overwhelmed…

To make something seem less important than it really is. To say that someone's achievement or idea is…

To harm someone's reputation or to make someone's character look bad by doing something shameful or wrong.

To confuse someone so much that they don't know what to do or understand. When something surprises and…

To think of as many ideas as possible with other people, usually quickly and without worrying if the…

To break a promise, contract, or law. Or to break through something like a wall or barrier.

To support or prop up something (literal or abstract) to make it stronger. Often used for supporting an…

To skip over something or go around it instead of dealing with it. Like taking a detour to…

To give up or surrender, usually after agreeing on terms or conditions. It's a formal way of saying…

To make something happen faster or easier without being directly part of the process. Like a chemical catalyst…

To make someone act better or be less proud by criticizing or punishing them. To tone down someone's…

Punish or scold someone seriously for doing something wrong. To give someone a harsh telling-off for their misbehavior.

To find a clever way around a problem or rule instead of dealing with it directly. It's like…

Use someone's words or work as an example or proof.

To explain something in a way that makes it clear and easy to understand; to remove confusion.

To put things into groups based on what they have in common.

To obey a request or follow an instruction. To do what someone asks you to do or what…

To think up or come up with an idea or invention.

To think about or imagine something in an abstract way. To form an idea or concept about how…

To create or make something by mixing different things together. Often used when you're inventing a story or…

To agree with someone or something. You have the same opinion as someone else.

To make something more concentrated, shorter, or tighter. Can mean thickening a liquid or making a text briefer.

Pretend something bad didn't happen or is acceptable, even though you know it's wrong. To silently approve wrongdoing.

To follow rules and do what society or an organization expects. To behave the same way as most…

To confuse someone greatly or to surprise them. To defeat someone's expectations. Sometimes used as an exclamation meaning…

To join two or more things together so they work or exist as one unit. More formal than…

To make someone feel better when they are sad, disappointed, or going through something difficult by showing you…

To understand or explain something in a particular way. How you interpret what someone means.

To ask an expert for advice or help. Or to look something up in a book, document, or…

To make something dirty or poisoned by adding something harmful or dangerous to it. The thing is now…

To officially challenge or argue against something. You say it is wrong or unfair and try to change…

To go against or break a law, rule, or principle. More formal and literary than 'violate' or 'breach'.

To work together with someone or a group toward the same goal. Two or more people working as…

When two things are connected and change together. When one goes up, the other goes up or down…

To make something skillfully and carefully, paying close attention to how it looks and works.

To grow something deliberately—whether plants or personal qualities like confidence or relationships. It requires time and care.

To make something worth less or worse in quality. To lower the standard or reputation of something.

To have a structured discussion where people express different opinions about a topic.

To say 'no' politely to something offered. Or to gradually get worse, smaller, or weaker over time.

To figure out what something means when it's written in code or a secret language. To understand or…

To harm someone's reputation by saying or spreading false and damaging things about them.

To show extreme disrespect to something sacred or important. To make something that is pure become dirty or…

To explain clearly what a word or concept means, or to set the boundaries of something.

To refuse to obey, to resist openly, or to stand up against something or someone with courage. It…

To make someone feel bad or worthless. To lower someone's rank or status. To make something worse in…

To completely overwhelm someone with too much of something (requests, information, work); or to soak something completely with…

To treat someone in a way that makes them feel worthless or disrespected. To lower someone's dignity or…

To completely destroy a building or structure by tearing it down. Can also mean to destroy an idea,…

To say negative or insulting things about someone or something in an unfair way to damage their reputation.

To use up so much of something that there is very little left. The supply gets much smaller.

To force a person from another country to leave and go back to their own country. Usually done…

To suddenly remove someone from a position of power or authority, especially a leader, ruler, or official. Usually…

To make someone feel sad or upset. To bring down someone's mood or emotions in a negative way.

To laugh at someone or something in a cruel or unkind way, showing you think they are stupid…

To get or come from a particular source or origin.

To get worse over time. Something that was okay becomes bad, or bad becomes worse.

To remove a king, queen, or other ruler from power, especially by taking away their throne and royal…

To go a longer way to reach a destination instead of the direct route. Often forced by obstacles,…

To change direction or leave the planned path. To do something different from what is normal or expected.

To speak out loud so someone can write it down. Or to tell someone what to do in…

To publicly say that you do not support something, have no connection to it, or were not involved…

To notice differences between things. Or unfairly to treat someone worse because of who they are (age, color,…

To untangle something that is twisted up or complicated. To separate things that are all mixed together in…

To use chemicals or other methods to kill harmful germs on surfaces or objects.

To force something out of where it's stuck or lodged. Can be used literally (removing a physical object)…

To take something apart piece by piece. Or to gradually shut down an organization or system in a…

To say negative things about someone or something to make it seem less important or valuable than it…

To officially say that someone cannot do something because they don't meet the requirements or have broken a…

To deliberately ignore something or refuse to pay attention to it. You consciously decide that something is not…

To spread information widely so that many people know about it. Like sharing news or facts across a…

To openly disagree with something, especially an official decision or common belief. You publicly state your different opinion.

To extract the most important ideas or ingredients from something larger or more complex. Or in science, to…

To share or give out something to many people or places.

Two paths or things separate and go different ways. Or when two things become more and more different…

To tell a secret or reveal confidential information. Usually something you were not supposed to tell.

To say something is not as important or serious as it really is. To make it seem smaller…

To teach or give someone knowledge and skills, usually in school or a formal learning setting.

To get someone to share information or feelings by asking good questions or encouraging them to talk.

To escape from someone in a clever way; to get away when someone is chasing you. Also means…

To place something firmly inside so it becomes part of something larger. Like pressing a gem into clay…

To accept something you really want or agree with wholeheartedly. Or, to put your arms around someone and…

To come out or appear, especially from a hidden place. Can also mean to become known or to…

To make something seem very important or to draw attention to something in a special way. To say…

To include everything or many things within something; to contain or hold within a boundary.

To meet someone or find something by accident or surprise. To come up against a problem or difficulty.

To slowly and quietly move into someone else's space or take their rights, usually without asking. Like spreading…

To bear or put up with something difficult or painful without giving up. Or, to continue to exist…

To make sure people follow rules or laws by using authority or force if necessary. To punish those…

To completely surround and cover something, like fire engulfing a building or darkness engulfing the sky. Can also…

To help someone understand something important or gain new knowledge and awareness about a complex topic.

To visualize or imagine a future situation.

To start something new (a business, rule, or fact) and make it permanent.

To escape or get away from something or someone cleverly. To avoid doing something you should do.

To make someone remember or feel something; to bring up an emotion or memory in someone's mind. Art,…

To go past or beyond something. To be more or greater than a limit or what was expected.

To not allow someone or something to be part of something; to keep them out.

To be a perfect example of something. To show something by giving a clear example.

To use up everything completely so nothing is left. Or to make someone very tired and weak.

To force someone to leave their country and live somewhere else, usually as a punishment by the government.

To make someone leave their home country, either by force or as part of official policy. Often used…

To force someone to leave a place or organization. Often used for schools, clubs, or countries for breaking…

To praise someone or something very enthusiastically and at great length. More intense than 'praise'—you really express how…

When a country hands over a criminal or suspect to another country where they allegedly committed a crime.

Take information you know and use it to guess or predict what might happen in situations you don't…

To make up a lie or false story to deceive someone. Also means to build or manufacture something…

To help make something happen more easily or smoothly. When you facilitate a meeting, you help it go…

To change up and down repeatedly without a clear pattern. Sometimes up, sometimes down, sometimes stable.

To say that something is not allowed. To prevent someone from doing something by ordering them not to.

To create or build something through hard work and effort. Also means to illegally make fake copies of…

To completely leave or give up someone or something, usually forever. It's more final and emotional than simply…

To make something stronger and harder to attack or damage. Can be used for buildings, people's courage, food…

To join two things together so completely that they become one unified thing. They blend together and lose…

In gardening, to cut a piece from one plant and attach it to another plant so they grow…

To argue back and forth about price or terms, trying to get a better deal. It can suggest…

To listen carefully to someone's advice or warning and act on it. To take something seriously.

To point out or emphasize something so people notice it and think it is important.

To make something harder or slower. To get in the way of something someone is trying to do.

To form ideas or thoughts. To engage in brainstorming or creative thinking to come up with new concepts…

To recognize or discover who something is, or to figure out what makes it different or special.

To make something bright with light, or to explain something so it becomes clear and understandable.

To slow down or stop something from happening or moving forward. To get in the way or create…

Put in danger. Threaten to destroy or harm something seriously.

To place something deep inside where it stays fixed. Can mean putting ideas in someone's mind, or surgically…

To encourage someone to do something violent, illegal, or harmful. You're actively pushing them to act badly.

To add something in and make it part of something bigger. To blend or mix together into one…

When prosecutors officially charge someone with committing a crime, usually based on evidence presented to a grand jury.…

To teach someone to believe something without questioning it. Usually has a negative connotation—the teaching is biased or…

Reach a conclusion based on clues or evidence without being told directly.

To slowly and secretly enter a place or group, or to gradually spread through something, often without being…

To make someone or something suffer harm or pain. You inflict damage, injury, or suffering on someone.

To break a law or violate someone's rights, especially intellectual property rights or personal freedoms. To do something…

To make something so familiar and permanent in someone's mind or behavior that it becomes part of their…

To stop something or make it slower; to prevent something from happening or developing fully.

To start something; to begin a new process or project. Often means being the first person to start…

To start or cause something to happen, usually something deliberate or planned. You are the one who gets…

To teach someone how to do something, or to tell someone what they must do.

To flood or overwhelm someone with so many things that they cannot handle them all. Can mean actual…

Put something in danger. Create a risk that it might be lost or damaged.

Put two different things next to each other on purpose to show how different they are or to…

Strongly criticize and attack someone verbally. To scold or rebuke them very harshly in public.

To become weak or listless; to suffer from neglect or longing; to waste away or fade slowly.

To praise someone or something a lot and show that you think they are very good. Usually done…

To write or publish false bad things about someone that damage their reputation. This is the written version…

To sue someone or be sued in court; to settle a dispute through the legal system rather than…

To say bad or cruel things about someone, usually behind their back. Similar to slander and libel but…

To officially order or require something to happen. A government or authority mandates something when they make it…

To make something in very large numbers using machines and factories, rather than making it slowly by hand.

To step in as a neutral person and help two sides that disagree find a solution both can…

To move from one place to another place, often to find work or better conditions. Many animals also…

Laugh at someone or make fun of them in a mean way. Treat them without respect.

To make small changes to something without completely replacing it.

To make someone less angry or upset by doing or saying something that satisfies them.

To confuse someone or to mix things up in a messy way. When things get mixed together in…

To prevent someone from speaking or expressing opinions, often by force or control. Can literally mean to put…

To officially make someone a citizen of a country when they were born in a different country.

To not take care of something or someone that needs your attention. You ignore it or don't do…

To talk and bargain with someone to make a deal or agreement that works for both sides.

To make something legally invalid or no longer binding. To cancel the force or effect of something, especially…

To take care of something and help it grow stronger and better. To encourage development and give support.

To deliberately make something confusing or hard to understand on purpose. Often used when someone hides the truth…

To block something or prevent it from moving forward. Like putting something in the way.

To swing or move back and forth in a regular pattern, like a pendulum. Can also mean to…

To deliberately leave someone out or push them away from a group because they are not accepted or…

To force someone to leave their job or position of power. Usually used for leaders, politicians, or officials.

To completely check something, fix what is broken, and make it work much better. To renovate or completely…

To not notice something by accident, or to purposely choose to ignore it. You miss it or let…

To remove a leader or government from power, usually by force or revolution. Can also mean to knock…

To be completely covered or buried by something; or to have such strong feelings that you cannot handle…

To say or write the same thing but using different words. You keep the meaning the same but…

To do well enough on a test or assignment to succeed and continue in a course.

To punish someone or put them at a disadvantage for breaking rules or doing something wrong. To apply…

To punish someone or put them at a disadvantage for breaking rules or doing something wrong. To apply…

To go through or into something, either physically or by understanding it deeply. Can mean to pierce, break…

To slowly spread through something, getting into all parts of it. Like a smell spreading throughout a room,…

To confuse someone deeply. When something is so complicated or strange that you don't know what to do…

To hurt, threaten, or treat badly people because of who they are or what they believe.

To make someone feel less angry or upset by being nice to them or giving them something they…

To make the air, water, or land dirty and dangerous by putting harmful things into it. The environment…

To make something happen all at once. When you do something that causes a sudden change or event.

To make it impossible for something to happen. It stops something before it can occur.

When a doctor tells you to take specific medicine. Or when rules or laws officially say you must…

To think or suppose something is true without having complete proof. You assume based on what seems likely.

To officially say that something is not allowed. A person in power prevents an action.

To spread something around so more people know about it. Or for plants and animals, to have babies…

To officially say something is not allowed. The law or authorities ban it. You cannot do it.

To deliberately annoy or anger someone. Or, to cause a reaction or strong feeling to happen. You can…

To release or distribute written work like books or articles so people can read them.

To remove bad or unwanted things from something to make it clean and pure. Often used for water,…

To officially cancel or overturn a decision, especially in court. To end something completely and forcefully.

To stop something forcefully, especially violence or unrest. To calm or soothe. To end a conflict or disturbance.

To satisfy a strong thirst by drinking. Or to put out a fire or stop it burning. In…

To officially approve and sign something. Once ratified, it becomes a legally binding agreement.

To say something again firmly, to make sure people believe it is still true and important.

To say no to someone in a sharp or rude way. You reject their offer or advance without…

To tell someone firmly and clearly that what they did was wrong; to give them a serious, disapproving…

To take back or admit that something you said before was wrong. To officially say you no longer…

To take back something that belongs to you or that was taken from you. To claim it as…

To build or create something again after it has been broken or destroyed. Often used when piecing together…

To improve something by making small changes and removing flaws. To make it more elegant and better quality.

To fix something or someone back to working properly. To help someone get their life back together after…

To make something stronger or better by adding more help, support, or resources to it.

To give something or someone fresh energy and strength again. To make something stronger and more active after…

To make something or someone look or feel young and fresh again. To remove signs of aging and…

To make something uncomfortable or difficult become better or easier. Or to take responsibility away from someone.

To let go of something you own or control on purpose. You choose to give it up completely.

To move from one place to another. Commonly used for people moving homes, employees changing offices, or businesses…

To break a promise or fail to do what you said you would do. To go back on…

To bring someone back to their home country, especially after they've been away due to war, prison, or…

To fill something back up or add new supplies so it is full or complete again. To restore…

To need something or demand that something must be done.

To save someone from danger or a bad situation. When you help someone in trouble.

To change how something is organized or arranged. You take it apart and put it back together in…

To bring something that was dead or forgotten back to life or use. To bring back an old…

To bring someone back to life or consciousness, especially after they have stopped breathing or their heart has…

To get something back that you lost or that was stored somewhere. To bring it back to you.

To make something old look new and better. To update or redesign something to make it more attractive…

To look at something again and think about it carefully. To check over material for a test.

To speak to or about someone in an abusive, angry, and contemptuous way; to hurl insults and harsh…

To give something new life or energy. To make something active and successful again when it has become…

To make something that was dying, weak, or boring come back to life with energy and strength. To…

To bring something back to life or make it active again. To help someone wake up or feel…

To officially cancel or take back something that was given before, such as a license, permission, or right.…

To make fun of someone or something in a mean way. To laugh at or mock someone with…

To protect or defend something important from being damaged, lost, or harmed. To keep it safe.

To save something valuable from being ruined or lost. To rescue or recover something important before it's too…

To officially allow something. OR to punish someone by restricting trade or taking other official action.

To clean something thoroughly and make it hygienic; to remove germs and dirt.

To satisfy someone's appetite or desire so completely that they don't want more. To fill completely until satisfied.

To make something completely wet by soaking it; or to fill something so completely that it cannot hold…

Reject or criticize something in a rude, contemptuous way. Express strong disbelief or scorn about an idea.

To refuse to do something you should do or are expected to do. To try to get out…

To keep away from someone or something on purpose; to deliberately avoid being near them.

To cleverly avoid dealing with something directly, like dodging a difficult question or avoiding a difficult conversation. It's…

To mean something, or to show that something is true or important.

To say untrue bad things about someone that damage what people think of them. The false claims are…

Show contempt or scorn through your facial expression or tone of voice. Smile or speak in a mean,…

To make something stronger and more certain; to turn something into a solid shape or firm agreement.

To say exactly what you want or need; to give clear and detailed information.

To refuse something angrily or with strong disrespect; to push away because you think it's not good enough.

To stop making progress or improving; to stay in the same inactive state without change or growth.

To kill all germs and microbes on something; to make it completely germ-free.

To stop something from growing or being expressed. To suppress freedom, creativity, or development. Can also mean to…

To insist on something as a requirement or condition in a deal or agreement. When you stipulate something,…

To make something simpler, faster, and more efficient by removing what slows it down or doesn't help.

To defeat or control someone or something, especially using force. Also, to calm down a strong feeling or…

To stop resisting something or to die from a disease or injury. It can also mean to finally…

To take someone to court because you believe they harmed you or owe you money. It's a civil…

To be enough for what is needed. When something meets the requirements without anything extra.

To make something pure or clean become dirty or impure, either physically or in terms of reputation and…

To write or say the main ideas of something in a much shorter way. You leave out details…

To stop something from happening or being shown, often by force or control. To keep something hidden or…

To be better than something or someone. To do more than expected. To exceed what was thought possible.

To give up completely and stop fighting or resisting. To hand over control or yourself to someone else.

To look at something completely to understand it all, or to ask people questions to learn what they…

To flood something with water or mud; or to give someone so much work or so many things…

To exchange one thing for another quickly and simply. You give something and someone else gives you something…

To suddenly turn sharply, usually to avoid hitting something. More sudden and dramatic than 'veer'.

To create a short version of a longer text or speech, keeping only the most important ideas.

To bring together different pieces or ideas and combine them to make something new and complete. Often used…

To make something less shiny, valuable, or respected. To damage the reputation or quality of someone or something.

To help someone learn something new.

To stop someone from achieving their goal or completing their plan. To ruin their attempt.

When something or someone falls over because they lose balance. Also used metaphorically when a leader or government…

To find something by looking carefully or following clues. Like detective work to discover where something came from…

To go beyond normal limits. To surpass what is usually possible or known. To break through barriers that…

To write down exactly what someone said or what you heard. To put speech, recordings, or notes into…

To move a living plant to a different location or soil. Or in medicine, to surgically move an…

To go onto someone else's land or into their property without permission. Can also mean breaking a law…

To make something seem unimportant when it really matters. You downplay how serious or significant something is.

To experience or go through something. Often used for difficult processes or changes that happen to someone.

Be the main support that holds something up or makes it work. The foundation that something depends on…

To emphasize or draw attention to something important. To make something stand out as significant. Similar to 'emphasize'…

To bring different things or people together to become one thing or group; to unite everything into a…

To untangle something physical like yarn or string. Or to gradually figure out a puzzle, mystery, or complicated…

To support or defend something you believe in. Or to hold something up so it doesn't fall.

To pull a plant out of the ground completely, roots and all. Or to force a person to…

To make use of something you have available to accomplish a goal.

To confirm that something is true, real, or acceptable by checking it carefully.

To suddenly change direction or course. A car veers to avoid hitting something. A conversation veers away from…

To confirm that information or facts are correct by checking them carefully.

To say or write very harsh, negative, and insulting things about someone or something, often damaging their reputation…

To break or disobey a rule, law, or promise. To not follow something you should follow.

To gradually become bigger, stronger, or more intense. When the moon 'waxes', it appears to grow larger in…

To refuse to give something that someone wants or needs. You deliberately keep it back or don't reveal…

To stay strong and not be defeated or broken by something difficult or powerful. To successfully resist something.

To stop resisting and agree to what someone wants. Or, to produce something like a crop or profit.…

Related to knowledge that comes from experience, observation, or empirical evidence rather than reason alone.

Related to knowledge that comes from reason or logic alone, independent of experience or observation.

Related to reasoning that infers the best or most likely explanation for observed facts or evidence.

Causing extreme disgust or hatred; morally repulsive and worthy of strong condemnation.

An idea or concept that you cannot touch or see. Not real or tangible. Something that exists only…

Very difficult to understand; complex and obscure; requiring specialized knowledge or deep thought.

Exactly right and without any mistakes. Correct and precise, matching the truth.

Something you got or learned through doing it repeatedly or working at it over time. Not something you…

Completely unwilling to change your mind or agree with someone else, no matter what they say. Very firm…

Good enough for what you need. Not great, but it does the job.

Giving or expressing a warning, reprimand, or careful advice to prevent someone from making a mistake.

Something that is bad, harmful, or negative. It works against you or causes problems. The opposite of favorable.

Feeling two opposite emotions at the same time. You both like and dislike something, or aren't sure how…

There is plenty of something; much more than needed. Large in size or amount.

Something from the past that seems out of place in modern times, or something modern that doesn't fit…

Similar in some important way, even though the things themselves are different. Two things that work the same…

Related to statements that are true by definition or by analyzing the meanings of words, like "bachelors are…

Something so old and outdated that it doesn't work well with modern systems or practices anymore. Really old-fashioned.

Showing no emotion or interest in anything. You don't care, get excited, or try hard about things in…

Either expressing sorry or regret for something you did, or systematically defending a belief or doctrine with reasoned…

Extremely old, from a much earlier time. Often used for very old words or ways of speaking that…

Being the original pattern or perfect example of something; representing a universal character type or symbol.

Very difficult and tiring; requires a lot of hard work, determination, and effort to complete.

Diligent and sustained concentration

Very surprising and shocking in a good or interesting way. When something makes you say 'Wow, I didn't…

So impressive and surprising that it makes you feel amazed and impressed. Used for achievements or discoveries that…

Very smart and quick to notice and understand things correctly. Someone who sees the truth in situations accurately…

Describing someone who is very daring and brave, willing to take big risks; or someone who is boldly…

Real and genuine, not fake or copied; truly what it claims or appears to be.

Art or ideas that are ahead of their time. Very new, experimental, and breaking traditional rules. Often shocking…

Directed toward the back or behind you. Moving in the opposite direction from where you were going.

Something that is good for you and has positive effects. It helps or improves something.

Gentle, kind, and not causing harm. In medicine, especially for a tumor or disease: not dangerous or life-threatening.

Having no limits or edges; endless and infinite. When something seems to go on forever without stopping or…

Describing someone who is boldly disrespectful or shameless; acting without proper embarrassment about wrongdoing.

Making harsh, unpleasant, chaotic sounds that clash and are difficult to listen to; acoustically jarring.

Speaking or acting in a completely honest way without hiding the truth or trying to manipulate; frank and…

Having the ability or skill to do something. Being good at something and able to handle it.

Complete absence of exceptions

Giving or serving as a warning about something bad that could happen if you're not careful.

Something that never stops; it keeps going continuously without any breaks or pauses. It happens all the time…

Rational intellectual engagement

Typical or normal for someone or something; showing the qualities that make them recognizable or special.

Volatile emotional temperament

Unpleasant excess of sweetness

Collaborative means done by people working together as a team. It describes an activity or effort where multiple…

So interesting, powerful, or convincing that you must pay attention or believe it. You cannot ignore it.

Two things that work well together and make each other better. When one fills in what the other…

Related to ideas and thoughts rather than real, physical things you can touch.

Something that helps create the right conditions for something to happen. It makes something likely or possible.

Thoughtful spiritual reflection

Deserving complete scorn or strong disapproval because of low moral character or behavior.

Feeling genuine and deep sorrow for something wrong you did; sincerely regretful and repentant.

Following the normal or usual way that most people do things. Not new, different, or creative.

When things come together or move toward the same point. Lines that meet, ideas that agree, or paths…

A lot of something; plenty of it. Very generous in amount.

Something that is hidden or secret; done in a way that is not easily noticed or known about.…

Clever at tricking people or using clever plans to get what you want. Good at deceiving others with…

Able to think of new, original, and imaginative ideas. Having the ability to make or invent something that…

Hard to understand because it has hidden or mysterious meaning, like a secret code or puzzle.

Clever and skillful at deceiving others; able to get what you want through clever tricks and planning.

The newest, most advanced, and most modern version of something. Using the latest technology or techniques available right…

Something so difficult or frightening that it makes you lose confidence. It seems too hard to face.

Related to logical reasoning that moves from general rules to specific conclusions that must follow necessarily.

Showing respect and willingness to defer to someone else's judgment or authority; being respectfully submissive.

Openly challenging or resisting authority; showing bold, aggressive refusal to obey or comply.

Deserving of strong condemnation

Based on or copied from something else; not the original or unique creation.

Random lack of direction or purpose

Having made up your mind completely. You will not change your decision or give up, even if it…

Something that causes harm or makes a situation worse. It has a bad effect on something.

Completely opposite in every way. If two things are diametrical, they are at opposite ends of a scale…

Intended to teach a lesson or moral, especially in literature, art, or speech that instructs.

Working very carefully, persistently, and thoroughly without becoming distracted or careless.

Able to make good judgments about what is high quality or important. Has keen judgment and taste.

Clashing and disagreeable; either in sound or in meaning/viewpoint; not in harmony or agreement.

Separate and individual. Each thing is clearly different from the others, not blended together.

Pretending to be honest or innocent while actually being deceptive; saying one thing while hiding what you really…

Absence of emotional involvement

When things go in different directions away from each other, or when ideas/opinions are very different from each…

Having many different kinds or types. Things that are not the same but mix together. Very different variety.

Something that makes people disagree or splits them into different sides. It separates people instead of bringing them…

Very persistent and determined. You keep going and do not give up, even when things are very difficult.…

Being dishonest and two-faced; pretending to support something while secretly working against it; betraying trust.

Very cheerful, energetic, and enthusiastic; bubbling over with happiness and excitement.

Standing out as shockingly wrong

Expressing sadness and mourning; having the mournful quality of an elegy.

In the very earliest stage of development before fully forming or being recognized.

Strong force or intensity in expression

Based on facts you can see, measure, or test yourself—not just ideas or theories. You prove it by…

Lasting only a very short time; quick to disappear or become irrelevant; temporary and fleeting.

The same value or importance. Two different things that work the same way or mean the same thing.

Having two or more possible meanings, making the speaker's intent unclear or ambiguous.

Having or showing great learning across many academic subjects, especially in scholarly contexts.

Never stops and never ends. Something that has no start and no finish; always exists.

Sounding pleasant and harmonious; having been arranged to please the ear and avoid harsh or awkward sounds.

Fading away quickly like mist or vapor; disappearing gradually and easily forgotten; vanishing from sight or memory.

Something that can eventually run out or be used up completely. It has a limited amount.

Using words and appeals to urgently encourage or persuade someone to do something; meant to inspire action through…

On the outside or from the outside. The opposite of internal. Something that comes from a different source.

Something that is very unusual, unexpected, or impressively different from normal; not ordinary at all.

Outward focus and external awareness

Based on a mistake or false reasoning; logically wrong even if it seems convincing.

Something that looks nice and fits the current style that most people like. It is seen as attractive…

Related to the central government of a country like the United States or Canada, where power is divided…

Showing very strong, passionate, and sincere feelings about something. You believe in it deeply and care intensely.

Something that has a limit or an end; it is not endless. The opposite of infinite.

Done openly and obviously in a way that shows no shame or attempt to hide wrongdoing.

Describing someone or something that is very showy, confident, and attention-grabbing in a lively or stylish way.

Completely perfect with nothing wrong about it. No mistakes, no problems, no damage.

Passing very quickly and lasting only a short time; moving swiftly and hard to hold onto.

Able to bend easily without snapping. Or, able to change your mind or adjust your plans when needed.

Something so impressive, powerful, or dangerous that it makes you feel afraid or respect it a lot. A…

Ready to accept new ideas and think about what comes next. Not stuck in the past or traditional…

Thinking ahead about what might happen in the future and planning for it. Not stuck in the past;…

Talking too much, especially about unimportant things; prone to long, rambling conversations.

The first of its kind or the first to do something important and new. Breaking new ground by…

Dominance of one power over others

Extremely evil or wicked in a shocking way that causes outrage among reasonable people.

Traits or characteristics you get from your parents' genes, like eye color or certain talents. Your children might…

Made up of many different kinds of things. The parts are not all the same; they differ from…

Related to a method of learning or solving problems through experience and practical trial rather than strict rules.

Cool and fashionable right now. Aware of current trends and cultural developments. Someone who is hip knows what's…

Very important because of its place in history.