List of C1 English Words for Advanced Learners

A formal or poetic word for home or the place where you live. Often seen in literature or…

When a business gets a new customer or buys another company. Also means getting something you didn't have…

additional material appended to a written work after its main text to supplement or clarify content

A total or complete amount made by adding together many different parts or pieces.

Gradual payment of a loan or debt through regular installments. For example, paying off a mortgage over 30…

A way of explaining something by showing how it is similar to something else that is easier to…

Complete chaos and disorder because there is no government or authority to enforce rules and maintain order.

Something that comes before and often causes or influences something that happens later.

Something or someone that is completely opposite to something else.

The highest or topmost point of something, whether physical or abstract. A summit or peak.

A collection of equipment or a system used to perform a particular function or scientific investigation.

A smooth curved line, like part of a circle. It can describe a shape or the path something…

The first or original form of something that serves as a model for all similar things.

When employees slowly leave their jobs (by quitting or retiring) and the company does not replace them immediately;…

A financial report that shows what a company owns (assets), what it owes (liabilities), and what the owners…

A preference or leaning toward something, often unfair. A tendency to judge or support something before knowing the…

A large area of Earth with its own climate, plants, and animals that live together naturally. Examples include…

All the parts of Earth where life exists, including the air, water, soil, and living things. It is…

A detailed plan or design that shows exactly how something should be made or built. Also used for…

A company or service that buys and sells stocks, bonds, and other investments for customers. The fee or…

A complex system of rules, procedures, and officials that is often slow and difficult to navigate. Red tape…

A time when the economy is shrinking, businesses are struggling, people lose jobs, and spending decreases.

The actual money coming in and going out of a business. If more money comes in than goes…

The rate at which customers leave or cancel their service with a company.

A specific part of a contract or law that explains one rule. Or in grammar, a group of…

When someone clicks on an ad and goes to the website the ad links to.

Something valuable you give the bank as a promise to repay a loan. If you don't pay back,…

the idea that people work together as a group and value group success over personal achievement

When one country settles and controls another territory, using its resources and people.

The official beginning of something, especially a graduation ceremony or new program.

In chemistry, two or more elements joined together as one substance. Or in language, two words put together…

The way parts are arranged or organized together; how something is set up or designed.

Someone who follows the rules and does what society expects. A person who goes along with what's normal.

The feelings and images a word brings to mind beyond basic meaning. For example, 'home' suggests comfort and…

The official document and laws that control how a country's government works. Or, your physical and mental health…

A complex or ingeniously designed machine or device, often with an unclear or roundabout way of working.

The point where something reaches its highest level or ends after a series of events. The apex or…

The total time it takes to complete one full round of a process or task. Includes all steps…

When someone performs or appears in public for the first time. Can be an actor's first movie, a…

An official command or order from someone in power (like a king or president) that must be obeyed.…

An official paper that proves who owns a piece of property. When you buy a house, you receive…

When a government spends more money than it receives from taxes. It has to borrow money to cover…

Something you must produce and give to someone as part of a project. Could be a report, software,…

The basic, exact meaning of a word as found in a dictionary. It is the word's primary, factual…

The way a complex situation ends, particularly how conflicts are finally resolved.

A clear division or contrast between two opposite things or groups.

A clear official instruction from someone in charge about what you must do.

The act of telling or showing something that was hidden or secret; making information public that was kept…

Information that is intentionally false and spread on purpose to trick or mislead people.

A big difference between two things. When things are very unequal or not the same in important ways.

A company or person that changes an industry in a big way by introducing new ideas, products, or…

Not putting all your money in one place. If you own stocks in many different companies and also…

Money a company pays to its shareholders from profits. You get paid regularly if you own shares.

A specific area of knowledge or work that someone knows a lot about or controls. Like the science…

A house, apartment, or any place where people live. A formal word for home.

When a government officially bans buying and selling of goods with another country as a punishment or political…

When someone famous or trusted publicly supports a product or person, telling others it's good.

Any separate thing or being. Can be a person, organization, object, or idea that exists on its own.

The final part of a book, play, or film that provides closing thoughts after the main story.

Someone or something that shows all the best qualities of a certain type perfectly.

When everything is perfectly balanced and nothing is changing. Different forces or sides are equally strong and cancel…

The amount a company is worth to its owners after paying all debts. It's what shareholders actually own.

Money or documents held safely by a neutral person until all conditions of a deal are completed. The…

When a landlord legally forces a tenant to leave a rented property. Usually happens due to unpaid rent…

A perfect example that other people or things should try to copy or follow.

Something that becomes very popular for a short time, then goes away. Everyone likes it for a while,…

Treating some people better than others unfairly, usually because you like them more or they have a special…

The government's plan to control the economy by deciding how much to tax people and how much money…

When someone is obsessed with something or cannot stop thinking about it, even when they should focus on…

When a bank takes your house because you didn't pay your mortgage. The bank then sells the house…

An earlier version, model, or person that is later replaced by something new or improved.

The quality of being weak and easy to break or damage. Something that is fragile or somebody who…

Complete and permanent ownership of a piece of land and any buildings on it. You own it forever…

A temporary break from work without pay; your job is still yours, but you don't work and aren't…

An agreement to buy or sell something at a set price on a future date. Used by farmers…

Where something comes from or how it started.

When a poor neighborhood becomes wealthier and more upscale. New shops and expensive apartments arrive, property values rise,…

A small machine or device that does something interesting. You might not remember its exact name, so you…

The way something is governed or controlled. The rules, structures, and methods used to run a government, organization,…

The full name for GDP; the total value of everything produced in a country during one year, measured…

The preparation work that must be done first before you can start the main project or task. The…

A sign or messenger that announces or warns about something coming in the future.

The number of people working in a company or team; the total count of employees.

When inflation gets completely out of control and prices rise extremely fast. Money becomes almost worthless and the…

When a powerful country controls other territories and spreads its power globally.

An official ceremony that marks the beginning of something important, especially when a leader takes office or a…

Something that makes you want to do something; a reward or motivation for action.

The moment when something starts or begins.

How often something happens or affects people. For example, the incidence of flu is higher in winter.

A natural desire or tendency to do something. Or, when something leans or tilts at an angle.

A sloping surface; something that goes uphill or downhill at an angle.

Someone or a company that is already in a position; the person or company that currently holds power…

the idea that personal independence, self-reliance, and individual success are primary values

Starting something new or the formal ceremony when someone joins a club, group, or organization for the first…

When a company sells its stocks to the public for the first time. Before an IPO, only private…

A short, fun trip or outing, usually for a day or less

A joke or something said to make people laugh

Nervous feeling that makes you shake or feel anxious

A business agreement where two or more companies or people work together and share the profits and risks…

The official authority of a court or government to enforce laws in a certain area

Putting two things side by side so you can compare or contrast them easily.

The flat bottom part of a ship that keeps it stable in water

A tight twist in a rope or hair; or a small problem or unusual preference

Family relationship; or a feeling of connection with people who share your values or interests

A natural talent or special skill for doing something well

A number or measurement that shows if you're doing your job well. For example, customer satisfaction score is…

Praise and recognition you receive for doing something well or accomplishing something

The time between when you order something and when you actually receive or get it. Includes waiting, processing,…

Renting a property for a long time with a lease. You can use and occupy it, but you…

The main book where a business records all its money coming in and going out, organized by account…

Something you owe money for. A debt or obligation to pay someone.

How easily and quickly you can turn something you own into cash. Cash itself has perfect liquidity; property…

A skilled movement or action, like turning a car in a tight space. Or a clever move you…

An extreme and excessive obsession or excitement about something. You cannot stop thinking about it. In psychology, it…

A skilled movement or action that requires planning and practice. Often used for military tactics, vehicles, or strategic…

A discount or price cut on items. When a store reduces the price from $50 to $35, that's…

The extra money a seller adds to what they paid for something to make a profit. If a…

a brief written communication used inside a company or institution to share information or announce decisions

When an experienced person helps and teaches a less experienced person at work; the relationship of guidance and…

A system where the most talented and able people get the best jobs and have the most power.…

The set of organized steps and rules used to do something, especially in research or academic work. How…

A very large and important city that is the center of business, culture, or government in a region.

Information that is wrong or false, but shared by mistake not intentionally.

Actions taken to make something less bad or harmful. Ways to reduce the damage or seriousness of a…

When the central bank controls how much money is in the economy and sets interest rates to influence…

An idea or belief about something, especially one that might not be completely correct. Or a sudden desire…

A small, delicate difference or variation in something, especially in meaning or appearance.

When something starts or begins, particularly a disease, problem, or difficult period. The moment it all begins.

A local law made by a city or town government. Similar to a statute but usually applies to…

The direction something faces or points. Or training you receive when you start a new job or school.…

The very beginning of something you plan to do or something that is happening. The first moment when…

Something that seems to contradict itself but may actually be true or make sense when examined carefully.

Someone or something that is so good it can be used as a model for others to follow.

When two things or people are treated equally and have the same value, power, or pay. Equal standing…

An imaginary customer that represents a group of real customers. It includes age, job, goals, problems, and buying…

A clever trick or plan to fool someone or gain advantage. Usually involves some deception or manipulation.

How customers think about your brand compared to competitors. It's about the image and place you want your…

Something that exists or happens before something else and indicates what comes next.

Something that makes you more likely to get a disease or have a certain characteristic. Your body or…

Something that comes before a major event and suggests what will happen next.

The very first time a movie, play, or show is shown to an audience. Usually an important event…

When something takes up most of your attention and thinking. You are so absorbed in it that you…

A doctor's forecast about how an illness will develop and whether the patient will recover.

A natural tendency or habit you have. A strong likelihood that you will do or be something.

A government's policy of protecting its own businesses by taxing foreign goods and limiting imports to keep foreign…

A doctor who specializes in treating mental health problems and can prescribe medicines.

Someone who doesn't feel empathy for others and may manipulate people without guilt.

A feeling of worry or doubt about whether something is right

A confusing situation where it's hard to know what to do

The absolute best or purest version of something that shows what it really is.

A clever or funny remark or joke

The minimum number of people needed for a meeting to be official

A goal or target amount that someone must reach. A sales person might have a quota of selling…

The number you get when you divide one number by another

The process of checking that two financial records match and balance each other.

Money sent from one place to another, especially by workers abroad sending money home to their families.

The ability to bounce back and get strong again after something bad happens. It's about not staying down…

Keeping your existing customers happy so they keep buying from you. It's usually cheaper to keep customers than…

Something secret or hidden that is suddenly made known; an important discovery or truth that was not obvious…

A clever question or saying that tests whether you can figure out the answer. It's designed to trick…

The amount of profit you make from money you invest. If you invest $100 and make $20 profit,…

A clever trick used to fool someone.

A long break from work (weeks or months) that some companies allow employees to take for learning, rest,…

A company that has grown past its startup stage and is now expanding quickly, with larger revenues and…

Financial documents you buy and sell to make money. Stocks (owning part of a company) and bonds (lending…

The wall inside the nose that separates the two nostrils from each other.

Something that leans or tilts to one side. Can also mean a biased way of looking at something.

A person who lacks empathy and conscience, often manipulates others and feels no guilt for harmful actions.

When a company separates one of its divisions to create a new, independent company.

An official written law passed by government that people must follow.

anything that triggers a reaction or causes something to happen or become more active

When two or more things work together and create something better than they could separately. The whole becomes…

The difference between what a country sells to other countries and what it buys from other countries. If…

The path that something takes as it moves through the air or space. Or, the direction something is…

When a company or situation recovers from being bad to becoming better. Or the time it takes to…

The basic foundation or support system that something depends on.

When something is shown to the public for the first time, often in a formal or ceremonial way.…

How long a system or service is working and available. The opposite of downtime. Used to measure reliability…

The quality of changing quickly and in unpredictable ways. When something is unstable and unpredictable, going up and…

A strong fear or hatred of foreigners and people from countries

The tube-like parts inside plants that carry water and nutrients

A young animal that has lived for about one year.

Japanese money, or a strong desire for something.

An evergreen tree with dark wood and red berries.

A young, educated, wealthy urban professional.

A round tent-like house used by nomads in Asia.

Great enthusiasm and effort toward a goal or cause.

A large aircraft shaped like a cigar, filled with gas and floating in air.

Nothing; absolutely nothing at all.

A clever, funny, or surprising remark; something that moves very fast.

A small red bump on the skin, a pimple.

Rules that divide a city into areas where different types of buildings are allowed. One zone may allow…

To follow and accept a rule or law without complaint. You respect it and do what it says,…

To make something stand out more or seem more important and obvious.

To build up gradually over time. Money that increases a little bit each period until you use it…

To stick to something, literally or figuratively. In formal contexts, it means to follow a principle, agreement, or…

To divide something up and give it to different people or use it for different purposes in a…

To make something better or improve it. To reduce or ease suffering or a difficult condition.

To change or fix something written, usually in a small way. Often used for laws, contracts, or official…

To pay back a loan in small regular payments over time. Or in accounting, to spread an asset's…

To make someone less angry or unhappy by giving them what they want or by calming them down.

To act as a peacemaker or judge between two sides who are fighting; to hear what both sides…

To find out something for sure by investigating or asking questions. Make sure you have the correct facts.

To absorb something (like ideas or information) and make it part of yourself or a larger group. Immigrants…

To prove or check that something is real and not false or a copy.

To officially send someone away from a place as punishment. A government or authority orders them to go…

To exchange one thing for another without using money. You give something and receive something else in return.

To make something seem less important than it really is. To say that someone's achievement or idea is…

To complain about or express unhappiness with a situation or condition.

To confuse someone so much that they don't know what to do or understand. When something surprises and…

To start a business with your own money, not by borrowing or getting investor funding.

To break a promise, contract, or law. Or to break through something like a wall or barrier.

To grow or develop very quickly and successfully into something bigger.

To skip over something or go around it instead of dealing with it. Like taking a detour to…

To provide money to start or run a business. When a company is capitalized, it means investors have…

To make something happen faster or easier without being directly part of the process. Like a chemical catalyst…

To strongly criticize or show you disapprove of what someone did.

To turn something into a business that sells products or services to make money.

To think about or imagine something in an abstract way. To form an idea or concept about how…

To agree with someone or something. You have the same opinion as someone else.

To say strongly that something is wrong or bad, or to judge and punish someone officially.

To make something more concentrated, shorter, or tighter. Can mean thickening a liquid or making a text briefer.

Pretend something bad didn't happen or is acceptable, even though you know it's wrong. To silently approve wrongdoing.

To spend time thinking carefully about a topic or decision.

Provide facts or proof that show something claimed or stated is true.

To suggest related products that go well with what a customer is already buying.

To grow something deliberately—whether plants or personal qualities like confidence or relationships. It requires time and care.

To figure out the meaning of something written in code or hard to read

To harm someone's reputation by saying or spreading false and damaging things about them.

To refuse to obey, to resist openly, or to stand up against something or someone with courage. It…

To make someone feel bad or worthless. To lower someone's rank or status. To make something worse in…

Show the exact outline or describe the detailed boundaries of something clearly.

To treat someone in a way that makes them feel worthless or disrespected. To lower someone's dignity or…

To move someone to a lower job position or rank. The opposite of a promotion; often happens as…

To publicly criticize or accuse someone/something, often officially or with authority.

To use up so much of something that there is very little left. The supply gets much smaller.

To strongly disapprove of and regret something considered wrong or unacceptable.

To force a person from another country to leave and go back to their own country. Usually done…

To lose value over time. In business, a way of spreading the cost of equipment or property across…

To get worse over time. Something that was okay becomes bad, or bad becomes worse.

To go a longer way to reach a destination instead of the direct route. Often forced by obstacles,…

To change direction or leave the planned path. To do something different from what is normal or expected.

To notice or understand something that is difficult to see or that others might miss.

To use chemicals or other methods to kill harmful germs on surfaces or objects.

To force something out of where it's stuck or lodged. Can be used literally (removing a physical object)…

To take something apart piece by piece. Or to gradually shut down an organization or system in a…

To push something from its normal place or force someone to leave where they live.

To officially say that someone cannot do something because they don't meet the requirements or have broken a…

To deliberately ignore something or refuse to pay attention to it. You consciously decide that something is not…

To completely change or upset the way an industry works, usually by introducing something new and better.

To spread information widely so that many people know about it. Like sharing news or facts across a…

To openly disagree with something, especially an official decision or common belief. You publicly state your different opinion.

To extract the most important ideas or ingredients from something larger or more complex. Or in science, to…

Two paths or things separate and go different ways. Or when two things become more and more different…

To sell parts of a company or its assets, usually to raise money or to refocus the business.

To say something is not as important or serious as it really is. To make it seem smaller…

When something slowly becomes less, smaller, or weaker over time until it nearly disappears.

To explain something difficult in a way that makes it easier to understand

To place something firmly inside so it becomes part of something larger. Like pressing a gem into clay…

To include everything or many things within something; to contain or hold within a boundary.

To bear or put up with something difficult or painful without giving up. Or, to continue to exist…

To completely surround and cover something, like fire engulfing a building or darkness engulfing the sky. Can also…

To help someone understand something important or gain new knowledge and awareness about a complex topic.

When something becomes bigger, more serious, or more intense, especially in a conflict or disagreement.

To escape or get away from something or someone cleverly. To avoid doing something you should do.

To make someone remember or feel something; to bring up an emotion or memory in someone's mind. Art,…

To be a perfect example of something. To show something by giving a clear example.

To force someone to leave their country and live somewhere else, usually as a punishment by the government.

To make someone leave their home country, either by force or as part of official policy. Often used…

To speed something up or make it happen faster than normal. You find ways to complete it sooner.

To force someone to leave a place or organization. Often used for schools, clubs, or countries for breaking…

To give a detailed explanation or to discuss something thoroughly

To make up a lie or false story to deceive someone. Also means to build or manufacture something…

To help make something happen more easily or smoothly. When you facilitate a meeting, you help it go…

To grow well and be healthy and successful in life or work.

To change up and down repeatedly without a clear pattern. Sometimes up, sometimes down, sometimes stable.

To create or build something through hard work and effort. Also means to illegally make fake copies of…

To make something stronger and harder to attack or damage. Can be used for buildings, people's courage, food…

To join two things together so completely that they become one unified thing. They blend together and lose…

In gardening, to cut a piece from one plant and attach it to another plant so they grow…

To argue back and forth about price or terms, trying to get a better deal. It can suggest…

To protect your money from losing value by making another investment that works opposite to your first one.…

To listen carefully to someone's advice or warning and act on it. To take something seriously.

To make something bright with light, or to explain something so it becomes clear and understandable.

To slow down or stop something from happening or moving forward. To get in the way or create…

To place something deep inside where it stays fixed. Can mean putting ideas in someone's mind, or surgically…

To encourage someone to do something violent, illegal, or harmful. You're actively pushing them to act badly.

To add something in and make it part of something bigger. To blend or mix together into one…

To help a new or early-stage business grow by providing support, resources, and advice through its early development.

To slowly and secretly enter a place or group, or to gradually spread through something, often without being…

To make someone or something suffer harm or pain. You inflict damage, injury, or suffering on someone.

To break a law or violate someone's rights, especially intellectual property rights or personal freedoms. To do something…

To make something so familiar and permanent in someone's mind or behavior that it becomes part of their…

To stop something or make it slower; to prevent something from happening or developing fully.

To start something; to begin a new process or project. Often means being the first person to start…

To start or cause something to happen, usually something deliberate or planned. You are the one who gets…

To list things one by one with details. In taxes, to list all your deductible expenses separately instead…

Put something in danger. Create a risk that it might be lost or damaged.

To throw something away or get rid of it, especially from a ship or aircraft

To push or shove someone, usually in a crowd

Put two different things next to each other on purpose to show how different they are or to…

To start a fire; or to awaken feelings or interest in someone

To say that you are very sad or sorry about a loss or mistake.

To use something you have to get more advantage or better results.

To write or publish false bad things about someone that damage their reputation. This is the written version…

To officially order or require something to happen. A government or authority mandates something when they make it…

To make something in very large numbers using machines and factories, rather than making it slowly by hand.

To find a way to make money from something that didn't make money before, like turning a free…

To confuse someone or to mix things up in a messy way. When things get mixed together in…

To officially make someone a citizen of a country when they were born in a different country.

To take care of something and help it grow stronger and better. To encourage development and give support.

To block something or prevent it from moving forward. Like putting something in the way.

To help a new employee learn how the company works, meet the team, and get ready to do…

To completely check something, fix what is broken, and make it work much better. To renovate or completely…

to be responsible for checking that work is done correctly and properly managing people or tasks

To remove a leader or government from power, usually by force or revolution. Can also mean to knock…

To make something continue or last longer without it naturally ending.

To confuse someone deeply. When something is so complicated or strange that you don't know what to do…

Drop suddenly and quickly, usually referring to quantities or objects falling fast.

Jump or move down quickly into water or into a new situation with decisiveness.

To make something happen all at once. When you do something that causes a sudden change or event.

When a doctor tells you to take specific medicine. Or when rules or laws officially say you must…

To think or suppose something is true without having complete proof. You assume based on what seems likely.

To grow in number very quickly by reproducing or spreading widely.

To spread something around so more people know about it. Or for plants and animals, to have babies…

To remove bad or unwanted things from something to make it clean and pure. Often used for water,…

To satisfy a strong thirst by drinking. Or to put out a fire or stop it burning. In…

To argue about small or unimportant details

To officially approve and sign something. Once ratified, it becomes a legally binding agreement.

To say something again firmly, to make sure people believe it is still true and important.

To change a company's name, logo, or image to create a new identity.

To tell someone firmly and clearly that what they did was wrong; to give them a serious, disapproving…

To respond to an argument with reasons or evidence that show it is wrong or unclear.

To take back something that belongs to you or that was taken from you. To claim it as…

To check that two sets of financial records (like bank statements and company books) match and balance each…

To build or create something again after it has been broken or destroyed. Often used when piecing together…

To improve something by making small changes and removing flaws. To make it more elegant and better quality.

To show with evidence that something someone said is false or wrong.

To fix something or someone back to working properly. To help someone get their life back together after…

To make something or someone look or feel young and fresh again. To remove signs of aging and…

To fill something back up or add new supplies so it is full or complete again. To restore…

To tell someone formally that they did something wrong and express disapproval.

To officially refuse to accept or acknowledge something you previously agreed to or were responsible for.

To change how something is organized or arranged. You take it apart and put it back together in…

To bring something that was dead or forgotten back to life or use. To bring back an old…

To bring someone back to life or consciousness, especially after they have stopped breathing or their heart has…

To make something old look new and better. To update or redesign something to make it more attractive…

To give something new life or energy. To make something active and successful again when it has become…

To make something that was dying, weak, or boring come back to life with energy and strength. To…

To officially cancel or take back something that was given before, such as a license, permission, or right.…

To protect or defend something important from being damaged, lost, or harmed. To keep it safe.

To save something valuable from being ruined or lost. To rescue or recover something important before it's too…

To officially allow something. OR to punish someone by restricting trade or taking other official action.

To clean something thoroughly and make it hygienic; to remove germs and dirt.

To make something completely wet by soaking it; or to fill something so completely that it cannot hold…

Reject or criticize something in a rude, contemptuous way. Express strong disbelief or scorn about an idea.

To look at or examine something very carefully to find problems or get details.

To cleverly avoid dealing with something directly, like dodging a difficult question or avoiding a difficult conversation. It's…

To say untrue bad things about someone that damage what people think of them. The false claims are…

Show contempt or scorn through your facial expression or tone of voice. Smile or speak in a mean,…

To make something stronger and more certain; to turn something into a solid shape or firm agreement.

To take big financial risks hoping to make quick money from price changes, rather than investing carefully for…

To stop making progress or improving; to stay in the same inactive state without change or growth.

To kill all germs and microbes on something; to make it completely germ-free.

To stop something from growing or being expressed. To suppress freedom, creativity, or development. Can also mean to…

To insist on something as a requirement or condition in a deal or agreement. When you stipulate something,…

To make something simpler, faster, and more efficient by removing what slows it down or doesn't help.

To defeat or control someone or something, especially using force. Also, to calm down a strong feeling or…

To rent out part or all of a property that you are renting from someone else. You are…

Back up a claim with solid facts, proof, or specific examples.

Deliberately work to weaken or destroy an established power, system, or set of values.

To stop resisting something or to die from a disease or injury. It can also mean to finally…

To be enough for what is needed. When something meets the requirements without anything extra.

To take the place of someone by pushing them out, often through clever or forceful means.

To stop something from happening or being shown, often by force or control. To keep something hidden or…

To flood something with water or mud; or to give someone so much work or so many things…

To suddenly turn sharply, usually to avoid hitting something. More sudden and dramatic than 'veer'.

To bring together different pieces or ideas and combine them to make something new and complete. Often used…

To make something less shiny, valuable, or respected. To damage the reputation or quality of someone or something.

To grow and do well in a place or situation, especially when conditions are good.

When something or someone falls over because they lose balance. Also used metaphorically when a leader or government…

To go beyond normal limits. To surpass what is usually possible or known. To break through barriers that…

To write down exactly what someone said or what you heard. To put speech, recordings, or notes into…

To move a living plant to a different location or soil. Or in medicine, to surgically move an…

To go onto someone else's land or into their property without permission. Can also mean breaking a law…

To make something seem unimportant when it really matters. You downplay how serious or significant something is.

To experience or go through something. Often used for difficult processes or changes that happen to someone.

Slowly damage or weaken someone's confidence, strength, or stability through ongoing actions.

Be the main support that holds something up or makes it work. The foundation that something depends on…

To emphasize or draw attention to something important. To make something stand out as significant. Similar to 'emphasize'…

When a bank or insurance company agrees to back a loan or insurance policy. They take on the…

To bring different things or people together to become one thing or group; to unite everything into a…

To untangle something physical like yarn or string. Or to gradually figure out a puzzle, mystery, or complicated…

To pull a plant out of the ground completely, roots and all. Or to force a person to…

To encourage someone to buy a better, more expensive version of what they already have or want.

Take control or authority that belongs to someone else, without having the legal right to do so.

To suddenly change direction or course. A car veers to avoid hitting something. A conversation veers away from…

When something becomes gradually weaker, smaller, or less important, often in a natural cycle.

To refuse to give something that someone wants or needs. You deliberately keep it back or don't reveal…

To stay strong and not be defeated or broken by something difficult or powerful. To successfully resist something.

to squeeze and twist something firmly to get water or other liquid out

To sing by rapidly changing between high and low voice sounds.

A loud, long, sad cry or howl.

Completely unwilling to change your mind or agree with someone else, no matter what they say. Very firm…

Something that is bad, harmful, or negative. It works against you or causes problems. The opposite of favorable.

Someone who is easy to approach and talk to; someone who makes others feel comfortable and welcome to…

Describes emotional states and mood-related symptoms. Used by doctors and psychologists to discuss emotional health.

Caring about what helps other people more than what benefits yourself personally

Feeling two opposite emotions at the same time. You both like and dislike something, or aren't sure how…

A person who is friendly, pleasant, and easy to get along with; someone people enjoy being around.

There is plenty of something; much more than needed. Large in size or amount.

Similar in some important way, even though the things themselves are different. Two things that work the same…

Something so old and outdated that it doesn't work well with modern systems or practices anymore. Really old-fashioned.

Showing no emotion or interest in anything. You don't care, get excited, or try hard about things in…

Feeling nervous and uncertain about what will occur; expecting something bad.

When someone makes a decision without a good reason, just because they want to.

Something secret or mysterious that not many people can understand or know about.

Extremely old, from a much earlier time. Often used for very old words or ways of speaking that…

Very difficult and tiring; requires a lot of hard work, determination, and effort to complete.

Believing you are more important or better than others; unwilling to accept others' ideas.

Someone who can speak clearly and express their ideas well, using language effectively to communicate meaning.

So impressive and surprising that it makes you feel amazed and impressed. Used for achievements or discoveries that…

Very smart and quick to notice and understand things correctly. Someone who sees the truth in situations accurately…

Art or ideas that are ahead of their time. Very new, experimental, and breaking traditional rules. Often shocking…

So common or overused that it is no longer interesting.

Someone who shows kindness and helpfulness, without expecting anything in return

Gentle, kind, and not causing harm. In medicine, especially for a tumor or disease: not dangerous or life-threatening.

Having no limits or edges; endless and infinite. When something seems to go on forever without stopping or…

Someone or something that changes quickly and unexpectedly, often for emotional reasons.

Thinking carefully about what could happen before you do something; being very thoughtful about possible problems.

So interesting, powerful, or convincing that you must pay attention or believe it. You cannot ignore it.

Two things that work well together and make each other better. When one fills in what the other…

Speaking or acting in a way that shows you think someone is less smart or worthy than you.

Something that helps create the right conditions for something to happen. It makes something likely or possible.

Easy to see or notice; very obvious; attracting attention.

Something that seems fake, planned, or made on purpose rather naturally.

When things come together or move toward the same point. Lines that meet, ideas that agree, or paths…

A lot of something; plenty of it. Very generous in amount.

A relationship or greeting that is sincere, warm, and shows genuine care between two people.

Clever at tricking people or using clever plans to get what you want. Good at deceiving others with…

Someone who is trusted to pay back money because they have a good history of paying their debts.

Clever and skillful at deceiving others; able to get what you want through clever tricks and planning.

Done too quickly and without enough care or thought; not thorough or complete.

The newest, most advanced, and most modern version of something. Using the latest technology or techniques available right…

Something so difficult or frightening that it makes you lose confidence. It seems too hard to face.

Something that can be subtracted from your income to reduce your taxes. A qualifying expense that the government…

When someone owes money and hasn't paid it by the due date. They're behind on their payments.

Feeling hopeless and discouraged; believing that a situation will not improve.

Something that causes harm or makes a situation worse. It has a bad effect on something.

Able to make good judgments about what is high quality or important. Has keen judgment and taste.

Separate and individual. Each thing is clearly different from the others, not blended together.

When things go in different directions away from each other, or when ideas/opinions are very different from each…

Something that makes people disagree or splits them into different sides. It separates people instead of bringing them…

Very persistent and determined. You keep going and do not give up, even when things are very difficult.…

Full of sadness and gloom; expressing or showing that something is mournful or sorrowful.

Something uncertain about or do not trust to be true.

When someone acts in a strange or unusual way that doesn't follow normal rules or expectations.

Extremely happy and excited, often jumping or dancing with joy.

Very happy and proud because something good happened or you achieved something.

Speaking or writing in a convincing way with strong, clear language that moves people emotionally.

Based on facts you can see, measure, or test yourself—not just ideas or theories. You prove it by…

Something that is hard to understand or interpret because it is mysterious or unclear.

Designed to fit the human body and prevent injury; making work comfortable and safe.

Understood by only a few people because it requires special knowledge or is very specialized.

Feeling extremely happy and excited, like you're floating on clouds.

Extremely beautiful or perfectly made; showing great care and skill in detail.

Someone who is fastidious dislikes mess or disorder and wants everything perfectly clean and arranged; sometimes seen as…

Related to the central government of a country like the United States or Canada, where power is divided…

Something that has a limit or an end; it is not endless. The opposite of infinite.

Related to money management and finances of a government or company. A fiscal year is the time period…

Speaking or writing smoothly and easily, without stopping or struggling for words.

Feeling extremely sad and alone, with little hope of things improving.

Something so impressive, powerful, or dangerous that it makes you feel afraid or respect it a lot. A…

Ready to accept new ideas and think about what comes next. Not stuck in the past or traditional…

Thinking ahead about what might happen in the future and planning for it. Not stuck in the past;…

When someone is very friendly, warm, and creates a comfortable atmosphere around them.

Feeling or showing very happy and excited emotions in an open, noticeable way.

The first of its kind or the first to do something important and new. Breaking new ground by…

Showing excessive pride and acting superior to others; contemptuous of people you see as beneath you.

Traits or characteristics you get from your parents' genes, like eye color or certain talents. Your children might…

Made up of many different kinds of things. The parts are not all the same; they differ from…

Cool and fashionable right now. Aware of current trends and cultural developments. Someone who is hip knows what's…

Looking at the complete picture and how all parts connect together, not just individual pieces. Understanding the whole…

Made up of things that are all the same kind. All parts look and behave the same way.

Focused on helping people and easing human suffering, especially during crises or emergencies.

A unique or particular habit, behavior, or way of doing things that belongs to one person or group.

Perfect and impossible to criticize. Following the very highest standards in every detail. So good nobody can find…

Something that is very fashionable and widely accepted right now, especially among educated or high-society people. It is…

Something that happens by accident, not on purpose. You didn't mean for it to happen.

Never stopping; happening all the time without breaks. So constant that it becomes annoying or tiresome.

So unique or excellent that you cannot compare it fairly to anything else. Incomparable means better than anything.

Happening in small steps or pieces over time, not all at once. Adding bit by bit rather than…

Something that you cannot do without. It is absolutely necessary and essential. You need it.

Certain to happen; impossible to prevent or stop no matter what you do.

Causing prices to go up. Describes something that makes inflation happen or makes it worse.

Something you are born with or have naturally from the beginning. Not something you learned or developed over…

Able to understand the real meaning or truth behind something; seeing into the heart of a problem or…

Unable to pay back debts. Owing more money than you have or own. In serious financial trouble.

Something understood or known without needing logical thinking.

So strong and powerful that nobody can beat or defeat you. Unbeatable due to strength and power.

Tired or bored from doing something too much; no longer interested

Joking around and funny in a friendly way

Very happy, friendly, and good-humoured

Very happy and celebrating because of a success or good news.

Careful and wise in making decisions

Related to family; or sharing the same interests and feelings

Related to movement or motion; full of energy and activity

Prepared according to Jewish dietary laws; also meaning legitimate or acceptable

Requires a lot of time and effort; slow and tedious work that is tiring and hard to do.

When someone says or writes very little, using the fewest words possible to express an idea or answer…

Feeling doubtful or not trusting someone or something; having reservations.

Having no limits or restrictions. Something that can keep going without any end, boundary, or cap on it.

Easy to understand because it is clear and logically well-organized without confusing language.

When someone is generous enough to forgive others or show mercy, especially when they have power.

Done on purpose to hurt someone or damage something. Shows real intention to cause harm or evil.

A sad and thoughtful feeling, often mixed with quiet understanding or a sense of loss.

Someone who is meticulous takes great care to do things correctly and completely, noticing even small details.

Having to do with money and how much of it is available in the economy. Describes policies that…

Being in a bad mood that is silent and unfriendly; unwilling to talk or be social.

Something with many different parts, sides, or ways of looking at it. Not simple or one-dimensional.

Ordinary, common, or dull; not special or interesting.

Having many small, subtle differences that show careful thinking. Not simple or black-and-white, but complex with many layers.

Old and no longer used because something newer has replaced it. Not fashionable or practical anymore.

About the type of job someone has or the work they do every day. Related to their profession.

Following the traditional or standard way that most people accept. Not new or different.

Gone out of fashion or style. Nobody uses or likes this way of doing things anymore. It's been…

Covering everything important; the biggest or most important thing that includes all the others under it.

Strongly felt or noticed; so obvious that you can almost touch it or sense it clearly.

More important than anything else; having highest rank.

Acting kind or helpful toward someone while secretly showing you think they are not as smart or important…

Someone who is pedantic cares too much about small rules or technical points and often corrects others unnecessarily…

Able to notice and understand things that others might miss. Quick to see the deeper meaning or hidden…

Never stopping; going on forever without end. Something that continues all the time.

Continuing to work hard and not giving up even when things are difficult or take a long time.…

Extremely impressive or notable; something that stands out as unusually good or remarkable.

Related to giving money or help to causes that support people in need

Being the first or one of the first to do something new. Developing something completely original.

Using grand or inflated words and manner to seem more important than you are; overly formal and impressive.

Something that is uncertain and could easily fall apart or change; not safe or secure.

Something that is in perfect condition because it has not been damaged, used, or made dirty. It looks…

When a speaker or writer uses far more words than needed, making something unnecessarily long and boring to…

Describing something that accurately predicts the future. When someone or something shows what will happen later.

Boring and ordinary; without creative or interesting qualities in language or ideas.

Someone who thinks carefully before acting and makes wise choices. They don't take foolish risks.

Very careful to follow rules and do things exactly right, especially in formal situations.

Describing what something is like (its qualities and characteristics) rather than how many or how much there is.…

About amounts and numbers that can be measured and counted. Focused on 'how much' or 'how many' rather…

Feeling sick to your stomach or uneasy and uncertain

Based on logic and reason, not emotions or feelings. Making sense and being sensible.

Going back to an earlier, worse state instead of improving. Moving in the wrong direction or becoming less…

Something that never stops, keeps going continuously without pause. It does not ease up or become less intense.

Not wanting to do something; showing that you do not want to do it.

Something or someone that is very determined and firm in purpose. It shows strong will and doesn't give…

Good at finding creative solutions to problems using whatever you have available. Quick-thinking and adaptable.

Honest and careful about doing the right thing, even when it is difficult or costs you something.

Smart and good at judging situations accurately. Someone who sees things clearly and makes wise, practical decisions.

Very unusual, remarkable, or impressive in a striking way. Something that stands out because it is exceptional or…

Used when you doubt or question what something is called; it shows you think the name is not…

Having enough money or assets to pay back everything you owe. Financially healthy and able to pay debts.

So surprising and impressive that it shocks you. Used for big, unexpected facts or numbers that amaze people.

The most modern and advanced version available right now. Using the newest technology or methods.

Something or someone that is very solid and doesn't move or change. It shows strong loyalty and firm…

Requires a lot of physical effort and energy; exhausting and demanding; vigorous and intense.

Extremely beautiful or impressive in a way that affects you deeply and emotionally.

Not good enough compared to what is expected or required. It does not meet the necessary standard.

Short and clear, with no extra or wasted words; saying everything important briefly.

Something that is only on the outside and doesn't go deep; not thorough or complete.

Lying flat on your back facing up. Can also mean weak and not fighting back.

Something you can touch or see; real, concrete, or actual rather than imaginary.

Never giving up on your goals or beliefs, even when things are difficult. Holding on tightly and staying…

Very weak or fragile; not strong or solid; difficult to believe or trust.

Using few words, but often in a way that seems rude, impatient, or cold; short and unfriendly.

Something that does not last long. It appears and then disappears quickly. Not permanent.

Something that is found or exists in almost every place.

A secret or hidden reason for doing something not obvious.

Everyone agrees completely. There is no one who disagrees or has a different opinion. Total agreement from all…

Different from what most people do or expect. Breaking from normal traditions or methods.

Hidden or basic things that are beneath the surface. The real reason or cause that isn't obvious at…

Different from the normal or standard way. Not following traditional beliefs or methods.

Something that is the best of its kind because nothing else is as good. Nothing compares to it.

Something that stays strong and doesn't waver or change. It shows complete commitment and belief without doubt.

Refusing to bend or change. Staying completely firm and strong when pressured. Not willing to compromise or adapt.

Using too many words; saying something in a way that is longer and more complicated than needed.

Thinking creatively and wisely about what the future could be. Having big ideas that go beyond what everyone…

Being careful and watchful because something might be dangerous or dishonest.

Playful and imaginative, often in a charming or amusing way, based on fancy rather than reason.

Showing fear or hatred of foreigners and different cultures

Silly and funny in a wild, crazy way.

An old-fashioned, formal way to say 'for this reason' or 'that's why'. Used in formal writing to show…

According to what seems true, though it might not actually be.

A formal connector meaning 'by which' or 'by what'. Used in academic writing to explain how something works…

A formal way to say 'though' or 'even though'. You use it to add a condition or make…

Not reach the level you needed or hoped for. Come close but not close enough.