Conjugation of "Include" — All Forms, Examples, and Usage
To contain or have something as part of a larger group or set
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All 12 Tenses of "Include"
Quick reference table — every tense form of "include" with the first-person example and a link to the grammar guide for that tense.
| Tense | Example (I) | Quick rule |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | I include |
Used for habits, facts, routines, and permanent situations. Full rule → |
| Simple Past | I included |
Used for completed actions at a specific time in the past. Full rule → |
| Simple Future | I will include |
Used for predictions, decisions made at the moment, and promises. Full rule → |
| Present Continuous | I am including |
Used for actions happening right now or temporary situations. Full rule → |
| Past Continuous | I was including |
Used for actions in progress at a specific moment in the past. Full rule → |
| Future Continuous | I will be including |
Used for actions that will be in progress at a specific future time. Full rule → |
| Present Perfect | I have included |
Used for past actions with present relevance, life experiences, or unfinished situations. Full rule → |
| Past Perfect | I had included |
Used for an action that was completed before another past action. Full rule → |
| Future Perfect | I will have included |
Used for an action that will be completed before a specific future time. Full rule → |
| Present Perfect Continuous | I have been including |
Used for actions that started in the past and continue now, with focus on duration. Full rule → |
| Past Perfect Continuous | I had been including |
Used for ongoing actions in the past that continued up to another past moment. Full rule → |
| Future Perfect Continuous | I will have been including |
Used for actions that will have been ongoing up until a specific future time. Full rule → |
Past Tense of "Include" — Included
The past simple of "include" is "included" — formed by adding "-ed". Use it for actions that were completed at a specific time in the past, such as "yesterday", "last week", or "in 2020". For the full grammar of this tense, see our simple past tense guide.
Past Participle of "Include" — Included
The past participle of "include" is "included" — the same form as the past simple, since "include" is a regular verb. Use it after "have/has/had" for perfect tenses ("I have included") and after "be" for passive voice ("It was included").
Is "Include" Regular or Irregular?
"Include" is a regular English verb. Its past simple and past participle are both formed by adding "-ed" to give "included". The 3rd-person singular present is "includes" and the gerund/present participle is "including".
Conjugation pattern: regular -ed
How to Pronounce "Include" and Its Forms
Include: /ɪnˈkluːd/ — Stress pattern: oO
Stress is on the second syllable. Say in-KLOOD. The final 'd' is pronounced clearly.
Common mispronunciation of "include"
Learners sometimes drop the final 'd' sound, saying in-KLOO instead of in-KLOOD.
Syllable breakdown: in · clude
How to Use "Include" — Common Grammar Patterns
Use with a noun object. Say 'The price includes tax.' Not 'The tax is included in price.'
S + V + nounS + V + gerund
Example Sentences with "Include" in Different Tenses
- Simple Present: Does the price include tax and shipping costs? B1
Common Collocations with "Include"
- include tax — The price of $50 includes tax.
- include + noun — The package includes everything you need.
- include in — Can you include me in the email?
- widely include — These benefits are widely included in many plans.
- include as — We include this among our top priorities.
When to Use "Include" vs Similar Verbs
"include" vs "including"
'Include' is the base verb. 'Including' is the gerund or participle form used differently in sentences.
Smart synonyms — when to use each one
- contain — when something physically holds another thing
- comprise — when listing parts that make up a group
Antonyms: exclude, omit
Common Mistakes with "Include"
-
Wrong: The fee is including extras.
Correct: The fee includes extras. / Does the fee include extras?
"Include" is stative; use simple present. It expresses what is part of something, not an action. -
Wrong: These items are including everything.
Correct: These items include everything.
Use simple present; "include" describes composition or content. -
Wrong: She are including everyone.
Correct: She includes everyone.
Use singular verb "includes" with singular subject "she".
Origin and Etymology of "Include"
From Latin includere, meaning to close or shut in.
Other Forms of "Include"
- Noun: inclusion
- Adjective: included
Conjugation Tables for "Include"
Negative Forms
- Simple present: I do not include · He does not include
- Simple past: I did not include · She did not include
- Present perfect: I have not included · He has not included
Question Forms
- Simple present: Do you include? · Does he include?
- Simple past: Did you include?
- Present perfect: Have you included?
Passive Voice (where applicable)
- Simple present passive: It is included
- Simple past passive: It was included
- Present perfect passive: It has been included
Frequently Asked Questions About "Include"
- Is "include" regular or irregular?
- "include" is a regular verb. Add -ed for past simple and past participle: "included".
- What is the past tense of "include"?
- The simple past of "include" is "included".
- When do I use simple present vs present continuous with "include"?
- Use simple present for habits, facts, and routines: "I include every day." Use present continuous for actions happening right now: "I am including right now."
- What's a common mistake with "include"?
- "Include" is stative; use simple present. It expresses what is part of something, not an action. Wrong: "The fee is including extras." Correct: "The fee includes extras. / Does the fee include extras?"